Der unverzichtbare Beitrag von Stiftungen zur Finanzierung des hoheren Schulwesens in PreubÀen im 19. Jahrhundert
- Autores: Thomas Adam
- Localización: Paedagogica Historica: International journal of the history of education, ISSN 0030-9230, Vol. 48, Nº. Extra 3, 2012 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Gender and education in history), págs. 451-468
- Idioma: alemán
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Resumen
This article investigates the funding of secondary schools in 19th-century Prussia which came from foundations and endowments given to these schools by private citizens and noblemen for various purposes. Such endowments were intended to provide scholarships for students attending secondary schools, and after finishing school for attending university as well as tuition waivers. Other endowments were intended for paying the salary of teachers, providing subsidies to widows of teachers and their daughters. Endowments were also created for the financing of school libraries, natural science cabinets and similar institutions.
And last but not least, foundations and endowments contributed to the creation of a social welfare net for teachers and students in the form of health insurance and aid associations. This article focusses on schools across 19th-century Prussia.
However, since Prussia annexed so many territories between 1740 and 1866, it also added a large number of schools to its education system. These schools and their foundations from Silesia, Hesse-Nassau, the Rhine Province and several other territories have been included in this study. In order to better understand the situation of these schools and their financial support through foundations, which often dated back several centuries, the article provides in several cases information for the period before the schools and territories became Prussian. By 1900 the total capital of endowments and foundations at Prussian secondary schools ran as high as 35�40 million marks. This seems to be a remarkable amount given that the state�s annual budget for schools was just 50 million marks. The money was, however, spread unequally across Prussia.
There were rich and there were poor regions. Cologne had a significant concentration of foundations which were centralized in a specific administrative body.
Berlin, with its Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster, had one of the richest schools in the country. These endowments are an expression of the large-scale private support for state- and municipally- run schools. It will be argued that this private support was essential for the smooth functioning of the educational system.
