The basic elements in optical fiber communications are: a transmitter; a receiver, and a channel by which the signal is passed from transmitter to the receiver. The channel in optical fiber communication systems is optical fiber. There has been tremendous growth in fiber transmission capacity over the years. There are extraordinary possibilities for future fiber optic applications with immense potential bandwidth, 100 THz or greater. The efforts to bring broadband services, including data, audio, and video, into the home are well underway. The other advantages indude low transmission losses (~0.1dB/km); extremely low electromagnetic induction, induced noise, and crosstalk; availability of long distance lightweight cables and lower cost in installation and maintenance. In this paper; we have discussed the current state of the art of optical communication systems .
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