Diagnóstico precoz del trastorno por déficit de atención con/sin hiperactividad mediante el cribado de la Academia Americana de Pediatría para la atención primaria en las cohortes de 8 años

• Autores: Maximino Fernández Pérez, C. Gonzalvo Rodríguez
• Localización: Anales de Pediatría: Publicación Oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría ( AEP ), ISSN-e 1696-4608, ISSN 1695-4033, Vol. 76, Nº. 5, 2012, págs. 256-260
• Idioma: español
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• Resumen

  • Introduction Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the main problem of child mental health in our field. However we do not have systematised procedures that may lead to a diagnosis in early ages to improve the long-term prognosis. In order to improve early diagnosis we propose a strategy for Primary Care.

    Objective To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating screening for ADHD in cohorts of 8 years in a Primary Care Paediatric Clinic in a town in Asturias (Spain) for 4 consecutive years.

    Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study of prevalence was conducted using the questionnaire recommended by the American Academy of Paediatrics. This consisted of 7 questions, to which was added a new item, vs. inattention. The questionnaire was administered by a nurse to all children aged 8 at the time they attended the review, and for 4 consecutive years.

    Results A total of 222 children were evaluated, finding 18 positive cases, who scored low in the questionnaire. These cases were evaluated by the paediatrician in a second assessment, who confirmed ADHD in 12 cases. The validity of the test, estimated sensitivity and specificity of the test was high (100% sensitivity and a specificity of 99.5%).

    Conclusions The study was valid for the early detection of ADHD in a Primary Care Paediatric Clinic to diagnose a large number of latent cases. The procedure was cost-effective and reinforces the role of nursing in this care process.