This is a study about moral regulation of the person in Brazil in this century. It involves an ethnographic or 'internal" analysis of the characteristics of the intense academic relationship between anthropology and psychoanalysis in two different moments in the history of human sciences in Brazil: the "heroic period, from the 1920s to the end of 1940s (the 'interwar period") and the "critical" period beginning in the 1970s. In the first, the general problem of "nation building" implies the hegemony of the themes of "race" and "civilization," and the main concern is with "education." In the second, the effects of "modernization" are at stake: the subject of concern is essentially personal "responsibility" and self�awareness. This model is used as a key to understand the development of the "moral sciences" in Brazil, against the background of the great political changes and challenges of the whole period
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