Since the Zapatista uprising on January 1,1994 in Chiapas, Mexico, observers have speculated about the relationship between the EZLN and the national Indian movement. This paper provides an historical background for the emergence of the national Indian movement, looking specifically at the issue of Indian autonomy and its antecedents in peasant movements during the 1970s and 1980s. Particular attention is paid to the regional autonomy movement among theTojolabal Maya peoples of eastern Chiapas
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