This paper explores the relationship between �post-revolutionary politics� in Central America and the broader theoretical claims made in the name of the �new cultural politics of difference.� At issue are the critiques of political visions that downplay cultural difference in the name of unity, and correspondingly, the widespread politicization of identities that previously would have been subsumed under broader political categories. Two settings are examined: the Miskitu Indians in post-Sandinista Nicaragua where �hybridity� is presently associated with powerlessness and fragmentation, as well as with the potential for creative renewal. And Guatemala, where discourses of hybridity and mestizaje are used by relatively owerful ladinos to advance their own agendas and delegitimate Maya activism. The varying material consequences of the �new politics� and the �new theory,� are raised in the conclusion of this paper
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