In present day France, the debate on the school constant feeds on references to the past, near or distant, of the educational institutions. The �Republican School� and its �values� very specifically appear as true founding myths. In this article in essay form, the attempt is made to sound this memory of the school, in particular by reevaluating the part of the Church, the State, the socio-professional pressure groups, and the families in the emergence, the operation, and then the dysfunctioning of an educational system, the crisis of which has been a primary social and political concern of the country for a number of years
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