The Irish-born Frederick McCoy came to Melbourne in late 1854 to take up the position of foundation professor of natural science. He brought with him a reputation as an important if controversial palaeontologist and geologist. This paper studies the manner in which he applied geological theories acquired in the northern hemisphere to the search for gold in Australia. It also looks at his efforts to acclimatise European flora and fauna. A determined anti-evolutionist McCoy, especially in his acclimatisation activities, disregarded the prior Aboriginal occupation of Australia, an attitude he shared with those who opposed his views on evolution
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