S'emparer de l'avenir: les jeunes filles dans les écoles normales et les établissements secondaires de l'Italie unifiée (1861-1911)

• Autores: Simonetta Soldani
• Localización: Paedagogica Historica: International journal of the history of education, ISSN 0030-9230, Vol. 40, Nº. Extra 1-2, 2004 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Secondary education : institutional, cultural and social history), págs. 123-142
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • In the newborn Kingdom of Italy institutionalized post-elementary education for girls was not available. Also the most qualified institutions (almost always private and run by religious orders and congregations) provided them with nothing but a basic knowledge of reading and writing. Focusing on the early fifty years of the Kingdom of Italy, this article analyses the process of women's access to secondary school, which developed in an expansion/strengthening phase of schools aimed at training primary school teachers. Their success produced significant imitative processes, even in private institutions, and accustomed people to the idea of state day-schools and a formalized education for women, alternative to the traditional one, based on nunneries and domestic tutors. Playing on the absence of explicit legal constraints, women entered, from the 1880s, all kinds of secondary (classical and technical) schools, striving to gain access to the labour market and the university, and learning to make the most of their own individuality. But this growing presence of women in the state secondary schools had also other important consequences: it contributed significantly to modify the character of the private schools and to strengthen the cultural aspects of the �Normal� course. At the same time it nurtured a reaction against every kind of coeducation that would eventually find an important � and in this respect destined to failure � outcome in the Gentile Reform of 1923