A Roadmap of Aging in Russia: The Prevalence of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the St. Petersburg District\u2014The \u201cCrystal\u201d Study

• Autores: Natalia A. Gurina, Elena V. Frolova, Jan M. Degryse
• Localización: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, ISSN 0002-8614, Vol. 59, Nº. 6, 2011, págs. 980-988
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • OBJECTIVES: To categorize the health problems of older Russians and identify the number of frail older adults using different approaches.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

    SETTING: The Kolpino district of St. Petersburg.

    PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 611 community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older was selected from a population-based register and stratified into two age groups (65\u201374, \u226575).

    MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry, medical history, nutritional status, Physical Performance Battery, activities of daily living, grip strength, spirometry, renal function, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, and sense of coherence.

    RESULTS: The female:male ratio was 2.5:1; 19% were malnourished or at risk for malnutrition, and 78.6% presented with one to three chronic pathologies, with no differences according to age or sex. Problems with hearing (60.7%), vision (89.5%), and incontinence (40.9%) were highly prevalent. Moreover, 25.9% of the younger group (65\u201374) and 42.5% of the older group (\u226575) were found to be at risk for depression. Mild to severe cognitive impairment was found in 34.5% of the participants, and 14.4% of those aged 65 to 74 and 33.0% of those aged 75 and older reported dependence in daily living activities.

    The prevalence of frailty assessed using different models varied from 21.1% to 43.9%. The Fried model revealed the strongest associations with the frailty outcomes (dependence and performance). No significant differences between the sexes were found in either age group (P=.82), although the percentage of frail women increased with age (P=.001).

    CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize the need for attention and resources to be shifted from disease-oriented to functional approaches in the older Russian population. The population studied is consistent with the Fried model, in which one in five older adults can be labeled as frail.