Análisis sedimentológico-facial de clastos formadores de brechas calcáreas cretácicas de una zona transicional plataforma�cuenca en el centro de México
- Autores: Edgar Rodríguez-Hernández, Rubén López Doncel, José Rafael Barboza-Gudiño, J. Cruz Márquez
- Localización: Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas, ISSN-e 2007-2902, ISSN 1026-8774, Vol. 26, Nº. 3, 2009, págs. 687-708
- Idioma: español
- Enlaces
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Resumen
- español
En la porción central del Estado de San Luis Potosí se realizó un estudio sedimentológico-facial de los clastos formadores de brechas calcáreas depositadas en una zona de transición plataforma-cuenca, de la plataforma, originando depósitos de flujos de escombros y corrientes turbidíticas. Comparando los resultados morfológicos y texturales con el análisis microfacial destaca que las brechas, con una pobre madurez textural (clastos tabulares, angulosos y mal clasificados), muestran un mayor transporte que las brechas con clastos redondeados y moderadamente clasificados. Variaciones importantes en la presencia de bioclastos de rudistas sugiere la existencia de bordes arrecifales discontinuos a lo largo del margen occidental de la Plataforma.
para determinar el origen y proveniencia de sus componentes, sus mecanismos de depósito, así como su ambiente final de depósito y de este modo contribuir al mejor conocimiento sobre el desarrollo de los procesos de depósito entre la Cuenca Mesozoica del Centro de México y la Plataforma Valles-San Luis Potosí, en su margen occidental, durante el Cretácico.
Las características sedimentológicas que presentan estas brechas son contactos inferiores planos con evidencias de erosión, contactos superiores transicionales, espesores desde 0.5 hasta 14 m;
afloran lenticularmente, masivas y localmente presentan gradación normal en la cima, polilitológicas, componentes con bloques de 1 m a 2 m, de forma tabular, angulosos a subredondeados, con baja esfericidad o redondeados con alta esfericidad, clasificación pobre a moderada, de arreglo caótico con una ligera imbricación con inclinaciones que muestran un transporte al W-NW, en una matriz micrítica, microesparítica y localmente arcillosa.
El estudio microfacial muestra que estas brechas calcáreas tienen texturas que varían de floatstonerudstone de clastos de aguas profundas, bioclastos y clastos de aguas someras resedimentados, dentro de las cuales se diferencian dos tipos de sedimentación, el primero está representado por clastos tabulares angulosos que varían desde wackestone con espículas a mudstone-wackestone con fauna pelágica y laminación milimétrica, indicando una sedimentación pelágica en ambientes de aguas profundas característica de zonas de facies de cuenca, plataforma de mar abierto e incluso pie de talud, y el segundo está representado por clastos subredondeados de material resedimentado, transportados por procesos gravitacionales y de suspensión desde el margen de la plataforma y zonas postarrecifales, sobresaliendo los bioclastos (algas, esponjas, corales, rudistas y braquiópodos), foraminíferos (orbitolínidos y miliólidos) y clastos resedimentados (p.ej., packstone de granos cubiertos, bioclastos y pellets, grainstone de ooides, grainstone-packstone con abundantes foraminíferos bentónicos).
Las características litológicas, morfológicas y texturales de las brechas indican que en la zona de transición entre la Plataforma Valles-San Luis Potosí y la Cuenca Mesozoica del Centro de México prevaleció un margen abrupto, evidenciado por la coexistencia de componentes de aguas profundas y de plataforma indicando que la formación y origen de las brechas estudiadas se debió al aporte de material desde zonas arrecifales y postarrecifales a través de canales o colapsos de zonas inestables del margen
- English
A sedimentological facies analysis of the carbonate breccias deposited in a transitional platform to basin setting was conducted in the central part of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The goal was to determine the origin and provenance of breccia components, mechanisms of deposition and the final depositional environment in order to better understand the depositional development of the Valles � San Luis Potosí Platform and western slope to the Central Mexico Mesozoic Basin during the mid-Cretaceous.
The sedimentological characteristics of these breccias include planar basal contacts with evidence of erosion, transitional upper contacts, thicknesses from 0.5 to 14 m, lenticular to massive bedding with local normal grading, polymictic and clast sizes up to blocks of 1 m to 2 m. Clast morphology includes tabular clasts ranging from angular to subrounded with low sphericity to rounded with high sphericity.
Sorting is poor to moderate. Clast orientation is random with local imbrication indicating W-NW transport.
Matrix is micritic or sparitic and locally argillaceous. Textures of these carbonate breccias range from floatstone to rudstone with deep water clasts, bioclasts and resedimented shallow water clasts.
Two types of breccias record different sedimentation processes. The first type is represented by breccias with tabular, angular clasts, which range from spiculite wackestone to mudstone or wackestone with pelagic fauna and millimeter lamination. These indicate pelagic sedimentation in deep water, in a basin, deep shelf and even toe-of- slope. The second is represented by subrounded clasts of resedimented material, transported by gravitational and suspension processes from the margin of the platform and back-reef zones. Noteworthy components are bioclasts, algae, sponges, corals, rudists, brachiopods and foraminifers (orbitolinids and miliolids). Resedimented clasts include. packstone with coated grains, bioclasts and pellets, ooid grainstones and grainstone or packstone with abundant benthic foraminifers.
The lithologic, morphologic and textural characteristics of the breccias indicate that the transitional zone between the Valles-San Luis Potosí Platform and the Central Mexico Mesozoic Basin was an abrupt margin. This is suggested by the coexistence of deep-water and platform components. The breccias contain reef and back-reef material transported through channels or collapse of the unstable margin of the platform, generating debris flows and turbidity currents. Microfacies analysis indicates that the breccias with less developed textural maturity (tabular, angular and poorly sorted clasts) show more transport, than breccias with rounded and moderately sorted clasts. Important variations in the presence of rudist bioclasts suggest a discontinuous reefal rim along the western margin of the platform.A sedimentological facies analysis of the carbonate breccias deposited in a transitional platform to basin setting was conducted in the central part of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The goal was to determine the origin and provenance of breccia components, mechanisms of deposition and the final depositional environment in order to better understand the depositional development of the Valles � San Luis Potosí Platform and western slope to the Central Mexico Mesozoic Basin during the mid-Cretaceous.
The sedimentological characteristics of these breccias include planar basal contacts with evidence of erosion, transitional upper contacts, thicknesses from 0.5 to 14 m, lenticular to massive bedding with local normal grading, polymictic and clast sizes up to blocks of 1 m to 2 m. Clast morphology includes tabular clasts ranging from angular to subrounded with low sphericity to rounded with high sphericity.
Sorting is poor to moderate. Clast orientation is random with local imbrication indicating W-NW transport.
Matrix is micritic or sparitic and locally argillaceous. Textures of these carbonate breccias range from floatstone to rudstone with deep water clasts, bioclasts and resedimented shallow water clasts.
Two types of breccias record different sedimentation processes. The first type is represented by breccias with tabular, angular clasts, which range from spiculite wackestone to mudstone or wackestone with pelagic fauna and millimeter lamination. These indicate pelagic sedimentation in deep water, in a basin, deep shelf and even toe-of- slope. The second is represented by subrounded clasts of resedimented material, transported by gravitational and suspension processes from the margin of the platform and back-reef zones. Noteworthy components are bioclasts, algae, sponges, corals, rudists, brachiopods and foraminifers (orbitolinids and miliolids). Resedimented clasts include. packstone with coated grains, bioclasts and pellets, ooid grainstones and grainstone or packstone with abundant benthic foraminifers.
The lithologic, morphologic and textural characteristics of the breccias indicate that the transitional zone between the Valles-San Luis Potosí Platform and the Central Mexico Mesozoic Basin was an abrupt margin. This is suggested by the coexistence of deep-water and platform components. The breccias contain reef and back-reef material transported through channels or collapse of the unstable margin of the platform, generating debris flows and turbidity currents. Microfacies analysis indicates that the breccias with less developed textural maturity (tabular, angular and poorly sorted clasts) show more transport, than breccias with rounded and moderately sorted clasts. Important variations in the presence of rudist bioclasts suggest a discontinuous reefal rim along the western margin of the platform.
- español
