Cruciate Ligament Force during the Wall Squat and the One-Leg Squat

• Autores: Rafael F. Escamilla, Naiquan Zheng, Rodney T. Imamura, Toran D. MacLeod, W. Brent Edwards, Alan Hreljac, Glenn S. Fleisig, Kevin E. Wilk, Claude T. Moorman, James R. Andrews
• Localización: Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise: Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, ISSN 0195-9131, Vol. 41, Nº. 2, 2009, págs. 408-417
• Idioma: inglés
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • Purpose: To compare cruciate ligament forces during wall squat and one-leg squat exercises.

    Methods: Eighteen subjects performed the wall squat with feet closer to the wall (wall squat short), the wall squat with feet farther from the wall (wall squat long), and the one-leg squat. EMG, force, and kinematic variables were input into a biomechanical model using optimization. A three-factor repeated-measure ANOVA (P < 0.05) with planned comparisons was used.

    Results: Mean posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) forces were significantly greater in 1) wall squat long compared with wall squat short (0[degrees]-80[degrees] knee angles) and one-leg squat (0[degrees]-90[degrees] knee angles); 2) wall squat short compared with one-leg squat between 0[degrees]-20[degrees] and 90[degrees] knee angles; 3) wall squat long compared with wall squat short (70[degrees]-0[degrees] knee angles) and one-leg squat (90[degrees]-60[degrees] and 20[degrees]-0[degrees] knee angles); and 4) wall squat short compared with one-leg squat between 90[degrees]-70[degrees] and 0[degrees] knee angles. Peak PCL force magnitudes occurred between 80[degrees] and 90[degrees] knee angles and were 723 +/- 127 N for wall squat long, 786 +/- 197 N for wall squat short, and 414 +/- 133 N for one-leg squat. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) forces during one-leg squat occurred between 0[degrees] and 40[degrees] knee angles, with a peak magnitude of 59 +/- 52 N at 30[degrees] knee angle. Quadriceps force ranged approximately between 30 and 720 N, whereas hamstring force ranged approximately between 15 and 190 N.

    Conclusions: Throughout the 0[degrees]-90[degrees] knee angles, the wall squat long generally exhibited significantly greater PCL forces compared with the wall squat short and one-leg squat. PCL forces were similar between the wall squat short and the one-leg squat. ACL forces were generated only in the one-leg squat. All exercises appear to load the ACL and the PCL within a safe range in healthy individuals