This article is based on the texts about the concept of "federalism" within the project "Iberconceptos". It compares the evolution of the concept in nine countries of the Iberian Atlantic world between 1750 and 1850. This essay examines the differences and similarities among those who adopted the form of republican government and those who conserved the monarchy, and it al so scrutinizes the inherent tension between the defenders of a federal republic and those who advocated a central republic. To demonstrate this, the essay has been divided into three parts. The first investigates the lexical ambiguousness between confederation/federation through which the politicization and semantic displacement of the concept was expressed; the second part analyzes the different modalities in which federal ordinances were expressed in the republican and the monarchical scope; and the third explores the derivation of the decentralized administration as an expression of the federal settlements in the scope of unitary political ordinances.
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