Dieta hipocalórica y longevidad
- Autores: María Cascales Angosto
- Localización: Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, ISSN-e 1697-4298, ISSN 0034-0618, Nº. 4 2, 2009, págs. 273-302
- Idioma: español
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Resumen
Aging is associated with an overall loss of function at the level of the whole organism due to cellular deterioration, mitochondrial disfunction and genomic instability. As mitochondria are particularly susceptible to damage, mitochondrial turnover is critical for the maintenance of energy production, prevention of oxidative stress and promotion of healthy aging. Multiple endogenous and exogenous factors, such as calorie restriction, sirtuins and resveratrol regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, through activation of PGC-1a (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha). Calorie restriction lengthens lifespan, due to mitochondrial metabolism reorganization and by reducing radical oxygen species levels that cause macromolecule damage. The activity of sirtuins, the products of anti-aging genes Sirt, is induced by hypocaloric diet and controlled by changes in intracellular NAD/NADH ratio. Sirtuins are NAD-dependent protein deacetylases, that provide a key link between mitochondrial function, metabolism and longevity. Resveratrol, a proposed mimetic of calorie restriction, through sirtuins activation, inhibits some unwanted effects of aging.
