Resumen de Detección de anticuerpos IgM a leptospira en humanos en riesgo ocupacional en Villavicencio, Meta

Luz Díaz P., Irma Zapata, Agustín Góngora, Jorge Parra A., Luz Aponte G., Luz Gómez L.

• español

  Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia a la infeccion por leptospira en una poblacion humana y los factores de riesgo ocupacional asociados en Villavicencio, Meta. Materiales y metodos. Se aplico un modelo epidemiologico transversal con seleccion por conveniencia de grupos e individuos dentro de grupos. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre por puncion cubital de 273 personas correspondientes a 8 grupos de riesgo. Se obtuvo informacion de factores de riesgo mediante entrevista. Se determinaron anticuerpos IgM mediante ELISA indirecta. Se utilizo una prueba de �Ô2 mediante el programa SPSS 11.0 para Windows.

  Resultados. La seroprevalencia general fue 19%. Por grupos fue para trabajadores de matadero 7%, veterinarios y auxiliares de clinica de pequenos animales 17%, estudiantes de ultimo ano de MVZ 17%, ordenadores 21%, trabajadores de arrozales 23%, trabajadores de granjas porcicolas 35%, trabajadores de piscicolas 48%. Se encontraron 3 factores asociados, el estrato rural p = 0.0005 ICCR 1.50 a 3.83, tenencia de mascota canina p = 0.046 ICCR 1.03 a 3.26 y contacto con roedores en el trabajo p = 0.000037 ICCR = 1.73 a 4.75.

  Conclusiones. Se encontro una alta seroprevalencia general de infectados por Leptospira, siendo los grupos de mas alta prevalencia los trabajadores piscicolas y de granjas porcicolas.

  Se reconoce una vez mas el caracter ocupacional de la infeccion posiblemente por falta de medidas de higiene y proteccion laboral.

• English

  Objective. To determine the occupational seroprevalence of infection by Leptospira and associate factors in a human population in the municipality of Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia.

  Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was applied using occupational population groups selected by convenience. Samples of blood corresponding to 8 risk groups were obtained (n=273) by cubital venipuncture. Information on risk factors was obtained by a standardized interview. IgM antibodies were determined by means of Indirect ELISA. A Chi square test was applied using of SPSS 11.0 for Windows. Results. General seroprevalence was 19%. For occupational groups values were: 7% for slaughterhouse workers, 17% for veterinarians and small animal clinic assistants, 17% for students in their last year of veterinary Medicine and Zootechnical science, 21% for people milking cows , 23% for rice field workers, 35% for those working on pig-farms and 48% for fish farm workers. Three factors were found to be associated: rural social level (p=0.0005; ICCR 1.50 to 3.83), having a pet dog (p=0.046; ICCR 1.03 at 3.26) and coming into contact with rodents in the workplace (p=0.046; ICCR 1.03 to 3.26). Conclusions. A high seroprevalence for Leptospira spp was found in at-risk groups, with people working on pig-farms and fish-farms being most affected. The occupational character of the infection is recognized once more, and the possible association with lack of hygiene measures and labor protection.