This paper intends to study the educational system both in Spain and Germany, paying a special attention to the teaching of the first language in those countries. The Education Reform in Spain, meant to achieve equality of opportunities, looks for a structural change and new learning contents. The present Spanish system is closely related to the German one, although the issues currently discused are rather different. The four types of Secondary Schools in Germany and the long-lasting practice of an active teaching pedagogy make it easier to achieve the objectives sought after by the new system. A comparative study between the subjects called Lengua Castellana y Literatura and Deutsch taught as first languages points out the gradual rapprochement of both educational systems as well as the differences rooted in the tradition of each country.
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