Caratteristiche antropometriche e composizione corporea di atleti praticanti il bodybuilding e la kickboxing

• Autores: A. M. Carcassi, Carla Maria Calò
• Localización: Antropo, ISSN-e 1578-2603, Vol. 9, 2005, págs. 71-76
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
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• Resumen
  • español

    In questo lavoro si sono voluti mettere a confronto sportivi praticanti bodybuilding e la kickboxing, attività per le quali il peso e la composizione corporea assumono una valenza significativa.

    La ricerca è stata condotta su un campione, di origine sarda, di 22 atleti di bodybuilding e 24 atleti di kickboxing. Sono state rilevate le seguenti misure antropometrici: peso, statura, circonferenze e pliche, con i quali sono stati calcolati: l¿indice di massa corporea (BMI, Body Mass Index), il rapporto vita/fianchi (WHR, Waist Hip Ratio), l¿area muscolare e adiposa del braccio (AMA, Arm Muscle Area e AFA, Arm Fat Area). Il grasso percentuale (FAT%) è stata stimato tramite plicometria, utilizzando le formule Jackson e Pollock (3 pliche) e Durnin e Womersley (4 pliche). Il valore medio della statura totale degli atleti esaminati (172,94±6,45 cm nei kickboxer e 172,06±8,98 cm nei bodybuilder) è di poco superiore alla media regionale sarda di 171,3 cm. Il BMI medio rientra, per entrambi i gruppi, nel range di normopeso, ma con un valore significativamente superiore nei bodybuilder (24,14±1,71 vs 22,76±1,71, p < 0,05). Tra i due gruppi di atleti si è evidenziata una differente distribuzione della muscolarità, localizzata per i praticanti bodybuilding maggiormente nell¿arto superiore, essi registrano infatti valori più alti della circonferenza del braccio e dell¿indice di muscolarità AMA e più bassi valori delle pliche bicipitale e tricipitale, i kickboxer presentano una minor distribuzione di grasso sottocutaneo a livello del tronco. Si è riscontrato inoltre una ridotta massa grassa sia nei kickboxer (3 pliche=7,70±2,32%; 4 pliche=11,53±2,99%) che nei bodybuilder (3 pliche=8,35±3,35%; 4 pliche= 13,14±3,15%), dovuta sicuramente alla rilevante attività fisica praticata: 7,80±0,79 ore a settimana per i kickboxer e 6,50±1,77 ore a settimana per i bodybuilder.

  • English

    In this paper athletes practising bodybuilding and kickboxing were compared, as in these two disciplines weight and body composition have a great importance.

    The research was carried out on a sample from Sardinia (Italy) constituted by 22 subjects practising bodybuilding and 24 practising kickboxing. The following anthropometric measurements were taken: height, weight, circumferences and skinfold thickness, from which different anthropometric indices were calculated:

    Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), Arm Muscle Area (AMA), Arm Fat Area (AFA). The percentage of fat mass (FAT%%) was evaluated through skinfold techniques, using Jackson and Pollock (3 skinfolds) and Durnin and Womersley (4 skinfolds) equations.

    The average value of total height of athletes under scrutiny (172.94±6.45 cm for kickboxers and 172.06±8.98 cm for bodybuilders) was slightly higher than the average value of Sardinians (173.3 cm). Mean BMI for both groups fell within the range of normal weighted, but with a value significantly higher for (24.14±1.71 vs 22.76±1.71, p < 0.05).

    The two groups of athletes showed a different distribution of muscle mass, located prevalently in the upper limbs for the bodybuilders, in fact they presented higher values of arm circumference and AMA and lower values of biceps and triceps skinfold thickness. Kickboxers presented a lower distribution of subcutaneous fat in the trunk.

    Moreover, low percentage of fat mass characterize both kickboxers (3 skinfolds=7.70±2.32%; 4 skinfolds=11.53±2.99%) and bodybuilders (3 skinfolds=8.35±3.35%; 4 skinfolds=13.14±3.15%), and it is probably due to the intensive physical activity practised: 7.80±0.79 hours a week for kickboxers and 6.50±1.77 hours a week for bodybuilders.