This article analyses the litigation (1741-1780) in the Viceroyalty of Peru over succession to the Marquisate of Oropesa, between José Gabriel Túpac Amaru and the Betancur family. Túpac Amaru's failure to win the case influenced his decision to launch his rebellion. This article traces the extent of his rejection by Peru's elite institutions and social groups, and the humiliations inflicted on the future rebel caudillo. It challenges partisan, nationalist interpretations, and revises the relevance of the litigation for our understanding of the roots of the Great Rebellion of 1780-81.
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