A (normal) variety is Gorenstein if it is Cohen¿Macaulay and its canonical sheaf is a line bundle. This property is a weakening of smoothness which implies that a variety behaves like a smooth one for various algebro-geometric purposes. We give a combinatorial characterization of which Schubert varieties are Gorenstein, using in part a new generalization of pattern avoidance. We also give an explicit description as a line bundle of the canonical sheaf of a Gorenstein Schubert variety.
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