Los fundamentos de la libertad: una introducción al problema de cuerpo y alma

• Autores: Thomas Buchheim
• Localización: Tópicos: Revista de Filosofía, ISSN-e 2007-8498, ISSN 0188-6649, Nº. 29, 2005 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Los comentadores árabes y latinos de Aristóteles), págs. 231-262
• Idioma: español
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • Three conditions for human freedom are to be distinguished: (1) The reality of the activity of living individuals, (2) the causal relevance of mental states and (3) an irreducibly subjective aspect in living things. These conditions provide a way of describing the relation between body and soul, such that the conditions are fulfilled: firstly, the reality of activity implicitly assumes the substantial identity of body and soul in every active individual that exists as a body. Secondly, there are however fundamental formal differences between the mental and physical states of such bodies, so that a duality of the states possessed by a living individual has to be recognised along with the substantial identity of its body and soul. Hence the causal relevance of mental states for the occurrence of certain actions may act as the peculiar mark of freedom. Finally, the distinction between the objectively recognised existence of states and the subjective possession of them is the reason that certain actions cannot be deduced from objective knowledge of reality, however complete the latter may be. This argument shows that actions cannot be seen as the logical consequence of preceding states of the world, even if the actions in question were causally completely determined. Such a view of actions is, however, the standard justification that freedom is incompatible with determinism.