It is shown how to decompose a three-dimensional field periodic in two Cartesian coordinates into five parts, three of which are identically divergence-free and the other two orthogonal to all divergence-free fields. The three divergence-free parts coincide with the mean, poloidal and toroidal fields of Schmitt and Wahl; the present work, therefore, extends their decomposition from divergence-free fields to fields of arbitrary divergence. For the representation of known and unknown fields, each of the five subspaces is characterised by both a projection and a scalar representation. Use of Fourier components and wave coordinates reduces poloidal fields to the sume of two-dimensional poloidal fields, and toroidal fields to the sum of unidirectional toroidal fields.
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