An overview in brief of the main ionospheric processes are presented and couplings from below are stressed. The D-region aeronomy, the winter anomaly of radiowave absorption, wave disturbances and regional features of the thermospheric wind regime, the sporadic E-layer occurence and structure, the variations of atmospheric emissions, the global morphology and temporal variability of F-region, F-spread events etc. should be considered in connection with tropospheric and stratospheric processes. There are evidences for interactions between phenomena associated with thunderstorms and ionosphere. The long-term trends in some thermospheric and ionospheric parameteres could be the sequence of the greenhouse gases concentration. Some of experimental ionospheric data may be explained as being the result of the forcing driven by upward propagation of the broad spectrum of internal atmospheric waves (planetary waves, tides and gravity waves) from the numerous tropospheric and stratospheric sources
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