Resumen de Academic pressure and training load as predictors of burnout in dual-career adolescent athletes: recovery as an exploratory pathway

Muhammad Alif Indra Agusta, Febriani Fajar Ekawati, Fadilah Umar

• español

  Los estudiantes deportistas adolescentes de escuelas especializadas en deporte entrenan de forma intensiva mientras siguen un currículo nacional sin modificaciones, lo que los expone a un mayor riesgo de burnout. La relación de la recuperación subjetiva con estos factores de estrés en contextos de carrera dual sigue siendo poco comprendida. Este estudio examinó las asociaciones  de la carga de entrenamiento y la presión académica con el burnout. Se utilizó un diseño transversal con modelado de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM). Participaron 184 atletas adolescentes reclutados mediante muestreo total. Los datos se recopilaron utilizando session Rating of Perceived Exertion, Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents, Hooper Index y Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, y posteriormente se analizaron en SmartPLS 4 mediante un procedimiento de bootstrapping complementado con PLSpredict y el Cross-Validated Predictive Ability Test (CVPAT). La carga de entrenamiento (β = 0.270; p < 0.001) y la presión académica (β = 0.629; p < 0.001) se asociaron significativamente con el burnout, siendo la asociación con la presión académica más del doble de la observada para la carga de entrenamiento (f² = 0.909 frente a 0.158). La carga de entrenamiento se asoció con la recuperación (β = 0.243; p = 0.001), mientras que la presión académica no mostró una asociación significativa (p = 0.465). Se observó una asociación indirecta significativa a través de la recuperación para la carga de entrenamiento (β = 0.052; p = 0.012), pero no para la presión académica (p = 0.498). Contrariamente a la teoría del equilibrio entre estrés y recuperación, una mayor recuperación reportada se asoció con un mayor burnout (β = 0.216; p < 0.001); esta asociación se presenta sin atribuirle una interpretación causal. El ajuste del modelo fue aceptable (SRMR = 0.050); el R² fue de 0.570 para el burnout, pero solo de 0.059 para la recuperación. En este contexto, el burnout estuvo más fuertemente asociado con la presión académica que con la carga física de entrenamiento. 

• English

  Adolescent student-athletes in sports-specialized schools train intensively while following an unmodified national curriculum, which places them at heightened risk of burnout. How subjective recovery relates to these stressors in dual-career settings remains poorly understood, and Indonesian populations are largely absent from this literature. This study examined the direct and indirect associations of training load and academic pressure with burnout, with recovery as an intervening variable, among adolescent athletes at a sports-specialized junior high school. A cross-sectional design with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was used. Participants were 184 adolescent athletes recruited through total sampling. Data were collected with the session Rating of Perceived Exertion, the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents, the Hooper Index and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, then analysed in SmartPLS 4 with a bootstrap procedure complemented by PLSpredict and the Cross-Validated Predictive Ability Test. Training load (β = 0.270; p < 0.001) and academic pressure (β = 0.629; p < 0.001) were both significantly associated with burnout, the academic association being more than twice as large (f² = 0.909 versus 0.158). Training load was associated with recovery (β = 0.243; p = 0.001), whereas academic pressure was not (p = 0.465). A significant indirect association through recovery was observed for training load (β = 0.052; p = 0.012) but not for academic pressure (p = 0.498). Contrary to stress-recovery balance theory, higher reported recovery was associated with higher burnout (β = 0.216; p < 0.001), an association reported without causal interpretation. Model fit was acceptable (SRMR = 0.050); R² was 0.570 for burnout but only 0.059 for recovery. Burnout in this setting was more strongly associated with academic pressure than with physical training load. Sports-specialized schools should prioritise academic load management alongside periodised training.