Molecular Analysis of Peri-implant Soft Tissue Response to Different Abutment Materials in Humans: A Pilot Study

• Autores: Andrea Pilloni, Lorenzo Marini, Nicoletta Gagliano, Claudia Dellavia, Gaia Oellegrini, Dolaji Henin, Blerina Zeza, Andrea Rojas
• Localización: The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, ISSN-e 0882-2786, Vol. 39, Nº. 6, 2024, págs. 235-249
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Purpose: To evaluate the response of human peri-implant soft tissue (PIST) to different healing abutment materials 24 hours after positioning by assessing the expression of genes related to the early connective tissue wound healing response. Materials and Methods: The following four materials were used to create experimental abutments that were mounted on implants placed in five patients (four different abutments in each patient): group A—grade 4 titanium (Ti), group B—grade 5 Ti, group C—zirconia (Zr), and group D—polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Before implant placement, a gingival biopsy (control, CT) sample was obtained using a 2-mm-diameter punch (T0). After 24 hours, PIST biopsy samples were collected using a specifically designed custom-made cutting device. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to analyze the expression of the following genes: COL-I, COL-III, MMP-1, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, FN, ITGA4, ITGA5, ITGB1, RAC-1, COL-IV, αSMA, IL-6, and CXCL-1. Results: Gene expression analysis showed some differences between CT and the experimental groups; however, no significant differences were detected when comparing the experimental groups. COL-I was significantly downregulated in groups A and C compared to CT. Expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 increased in all the experimental groups but to a lesser extent in group A. FN, RAC-1, COL-IV, and αSMA were downregulated, especially in