In the archaeofaunal assemblages of the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coast, from Catalonia to Almería, two terrapin species inhabiting freshwater and brackish ecosystems are represented: the Mediterranean pond turtle (Mauremys leprosa) and the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). In most archaeological sites, the limited number of recovered remains restricts the scope for examining human–turtle relationships from an archaeozoological and taphonomic perspective. Even so, several noteworthy exceptions exist. The aim of this paper is to review the occurrence of pond turtle remains in archaeological contexts across the eastern Iberian Peninsula and to focus on those particular cases where the documented evidence allows us to explore in greater depth the interactions between human communities and the neighbouring freshwater and brackish environments through these reptiles.
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