Biointerfaces in sensors and medical devices: challenges, materials, and solutions for biological integration

Inwang Edet Usoro; Robert O. Akhigbe; Michael Promise Ogolodom; Abdullahi Shuaibu; Emmanuel Emeka Ezugwu; Olunwayemisi Titi Oyegbata; Misael Ron; Oluwafemi Olumide Egbeyemi

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Biointerfaces in sensors and medical devices: challenges, materials, and solutions for biological integration

Edet Usoro, Inwang ^[1] ; Akhigbe, Robert O. ^[1] ; Promise Ogolodom, Michael ^[2] ; Shuaibu, Abdullahi ^[3] ; Emeka Ezugwu, Emmanuel ^[4] ; Titi Oyegbata, Olunwayemisi ^[1] ; Ron, Misael ^[5] ; Olumide Egbeyemi, Oluwafemi ^[6]
1. [1] Lead City University
  
  Lead City University
  
  Nigeria
2. [2] Rivers State University of Science and Technology
  
  Rivers State University of Science and Technology
  
  Nigeria
3. [3] Ahmadu Bello University
  
  Ahmadu Bello University
  
  Chikaji, Nigeria
4. [4] Nnamdi Azikiwe University
  
  Nnamdi Azikiwe University
  
  Nigeria
5. [5] Universidad de Carabobo
  
  Universidad de Carabobo
  
  Venezuela
6. [6] City Gate Health Diagnostic Services, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Localización: SAP Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Innovation, ISSN-e 3125-2281, Nº. 4, 2025
Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
- Biointerfaces are strategic components in the design of medical sensors and devices, enabling functional interaction between electronic systems and biological tissues. This article examines their properties, materials, and clinical applications, with a focus on biocompatibility, cellular adhesion, electrical conductivity, and structural stability. Current approaches based on conductive hydrogels, nanocomposites with metal oxides, and intelligent coatings are reviewed, as well as their implications in implantable, wearable, microfluidic, and neural interface technologies. The study also addresses critical challenges such as miniaturization, immune response, and the integration of dynamic, stimulus-activated functions. It concludes that biointerfaces represent a key pathway toward the development of more precise, adaptive, and sustainable medical technologies, whose advancement will depend on interdisciplinary convergence among biomedical engineering, materials science, and emerging clinical needs.