Biopsychosocial factors of disability in elderly adults

• Echevarría González, Marielys ^[1] ; Prieto Alfonso, Adriana ^[1] ; Dupeirón Ramos, Osbel ^[2] ; Ramos Horta, Yaima ^[2] ; Roque Carrera, Yarisleidy ^[2] ; Licort Pita, Yaribel ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. Policlínico Comunitario José Elías Borges, Minas de Matahambre. Pinar del Río, Cuba
  2. [2] Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. Policlínico Comunitario Manuel Piti Fajardo, Guane. Pinar del Río, Cuba
• Localización: SAP Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, ISSN-e 3125-246X, Nº. 2, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine)
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Introduction: aging is a process of progressive changes that have repercussions on the physical and mental functionality of the elderly; at the same time, it is the best indicator of health in the population at this age.

    Objective: to identify the biopsychosocial factors of disability that affect the elderly of the Medical Clinic #19, of the José Elías Borges Polyclinic in the municipality of Minas de Matahambre, during the period from June 2020 to May 2022.

    Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in elderly adults, in whom the Mini-Mental Examination was applied to know the cognitive status of each patient, as well as, the Lawton Scale to evaluate their physical capacity, in addition to a survey to evaluate disability risk factors. The sample was selected by criteria and consisted of 200 patients. Descriptive statistics were used with the use of frequency distribution and percentage.

    Results: the predominant age group was 60 to 69 years, female sex and secondary school level. In the mental sphere, more than half of the elderly studied presented a normal cognitive state, with independence in the instrumented activities of daily life; among the biological risk factors, arterial hypertension prevailed, and among the psychosocial risk factors, the loss of social role stood out.

    Conclusions: the aging process of the Cuban population maintains an accelerated pace, being an achievement of the society that reflects the advances of health system.