La bodega prerromana completa más antigua conocida

• Autores: Diego Ruiz Mata
• Localización: IV Congreso Internacional de Patrimonio Industrial y de la Obra Pública: Tránsitos por un patrimonio singular / coord. por Fundación Patrimonio Industrial de Andalucía, 2023, ISBN 978-84-09-57651-7, págs. 1-16
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The sierra de San Cristóbal winery, distribution and temples. The only complete one preserved
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • n the investigations of the Phoenician city of Castillo de Doña Blanca and its surroundings, in the Sierra de San Cristóbal in El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz), an extensive excavation was carried out in 1991. We have been fortunate enough to excavate a complete winery covering an area of more than 1000 square meters, from the 3rd century BC. and that it was abandoned between 215 and 210 BC. Until now, winepresses, warehouses and the commercial traffic of wine and its social, religious and funerary consumption are known. But it was unknown what a winery was like in the ancient pre-Romans.In this space, in a good state of conservation, a winepress has been excavated in a central strategic area and more than 35 open spaces - large patios - and closed ones intended for the production of surely fruity wine, as suggested by the ovens for heating inside. the must with fruits, the pressing after the work of the winepress, and the stores in amphorae placed against the walls. Other rooms are used for storing the elements of the cellar.In addition, a religious complex related to the ritual of winemaking and its festivals has been excavated. The deity resides in one of the temples, which in this case are two betyls. It consists of an entrance, a winepress only for this solemnity, the room where the betyl is arranged collected in its temple, a small courtyard for the offering of the first wine to the betyl deity displayed on a pedestal that has been preserved and a rear room, surely for the priest’s own activities. Another sacred place, composed of several spaces and a moat or favissa, was dedicated to the banquet and drinking of wine after its offering to the deity. Hundreds of cups, dozens of amphorae containing wine, other vessels for the ritual and remains of food have been found here.In another religious place, an entrance to the anteroom of the temple has been exhumed, in which there are stone circles on both sides to hold large vessels for libation and a stone glass on the ground; In the background, a courtyard in the center of which was a betilic deity and a room contained the Betilic Triad composed of three pillars that were attached to the wall.This winery is the only complete one known for now. It offers all the elements that are typical for this activity, plus their religious and symbolic meanings. The material is very numerous and will constitute a volume dedicated to the winery and the study of its functions and activities. In 2018, the Ministry of Culture selected it as a UNESCO World Heritage Site candidate for wine in Spain. He deserves it.