Picene, Roman, Medieval Walls and other subsequent construction stratifications in the defense system of the city of Ascoli Piceno: some contributions of knowledge

• Enrica Petrucci ^[1] ; Maria Giovanna Putzu ^[1]
  1. [1] Università di Camerino

     Università di Camerino

     Camerino, Italia

     
• Localización: FORTMED 2026. Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean Vol XXIII / Michele Russo (ed. lit.), Marta Acierno (ed. lit.), 2026, ISBN 978-84-1396-412-6, págs. 289-296
• Idioma: inglés
• Enlaces
  • Texto Completo Libro
• Resumen

  • The defensive system of Ascoli Piceno, located in the Marche Region, represents an emblematic example of architectural and historical stratification, demonstrating both continuity of use and significant transformations spanning more than two millennia. This paper aims to provide an updated synthesis of current knowledge regarding the city’s defensive walls, with particular attention to the Picene, Roman, and medieval sections. It analyses their construction characteristics, building techniques, and chronological development. The earliest evidence of fortifications dates back to the Picene period, recognisable by the use of irregular sandstone blocks and dry-stone construction. With Romanisation, beginning in the 1st century BCE, the defensive system was reorganised: more advanced construction techniques appeared, such as opus reticulatum and opus quadratum, reflecting both a desire for monumentalisation and improved strategic functionality. In the Middle Ages, the walls were expanded, heightened, or reinforced, often employing spolia and adapting wall typologies to new military requirements, with the addition of towers, walkways, and fortified gates. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the fortifications were further strengthened to accommodate developments in military technology. In the following centuries, the papal authorities maintained a strong interest in preserving the city’s defences, which were strategically important for regional control. The analysis of wall typologies and construction techniques, supported by direct surveys, stratigraphic comparisons, and archival sources, enables a diachronic interpretation of the various construction phases. Each era left distinct traces, often overlapping or incorporated into later structures. This research aims to highlight not only the evolution of the concept of urban defence, but also the city’s capacity to renew and adapt its fortification system in response to shifting historical, social, and political contexts.