Organisational resilience and recovery of tour operators: towards a challenge-metamorphosis model

• Jithendran Kokkranikal ^[1] ; Girish Prayag ^[3] ; S. Meera ^[4] ; A. Vinodan ^[2] ; Shyju, P. J. ^[5]
  1. [1] University of Greenwich

     University of Greenwich

     Reino Unido

     
  2. [2] Central University of Tamil Nadu

     Central University of Tamil Nadu

     India

     
  3. [3] Universityof Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
  4. [4] Indian Institute of Tourism & Travel Management, Nellore,India
  5. [5] Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi, India

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• Localización: Tourism recreation research, ISSN 0250-8281, Vol. 50, Nº. 6, 2025, págs. 1316-1332
• Idioma: inglés
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  • This study proposes the Challenge Metamorphosis Model (CMM) to understand the resilience andrecovery of tour operators following the COVID-19 pandemic. CMM builds on challenges, crisismanagement, and resilience strategies to understand how businesses evolve or undergo ametamorphosis following disruptive external events. Twenty-five semi-structured interviewswere carried out among Indian tour operators to understand the challenges they faced duringthe COVID-19 pandemic, their responses, and views on recovery and resilience. Data wereanalysed using thematic analysis followed by network analysis that applies Spradley’s semanticrelationships to explore the latent relationships among three key concepts: challenges, recoverystrategies, and resilience. Results revealed that tour operators employed a multiplicity ofinterrelated crisis and recovery strategies to deal with COVID-19 challenges, prompting abusiness metamorphosis in some cases. The findings have theoretical implications for crisismanagement and managerial strategies through the proposed CMM to strengthen the responseand resilience of tour operators.