Células T reguladoras (Treg): su papel en la tolerancia inmunológica y perspectivas terapéuticas

• Correa-Rocha, Rafael ^[1]
  1. [1] Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón

     Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón

     Madrid, España

     
• Localización: Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, ISSN-e 1697-4298, ISSN 0034-0618, Vol. 91, Nº. 4, 2025, págs. 321-329
• Idioma: español
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• Resumen

  • Immune tolerance is an essential process that enables the immune system to discriminate between self and foreign antigens, thereby preventing harmful immune responses against innocuous antigens. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), characterized by the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3, play a central role as active regulators of the immune response by modulating the activation, proliferation, and function of effector cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Research on Tregs has transformed basic and clinical immunology, revealing their pivotal role in autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, cancer, and transplant rejection. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine recognized fundamental advances in the understanding of Treg-mediated immune tolerance by awarding this honor to three investigators whose contributions were key to the discovery of these cells. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of Treg biology, mechanisms of immunosuppression, their role in immune tolerance, implications in diverse pathologies, and emerging therapeutic strategies, thereby consolidating an updated conceptual framework for the research and clinical application of Treg-based therapies.