[3]
;
Cristina Flores Amador
[2]
;
Abel Efraín Peña Hernández
[1]
México
México
En México, el turismo es motor de desarrollo sustentable; pero, las investigaciones para evaluar la infraestructura turística e impacto ambiental, social y económico son limitadas. Los indicadores de desempeño turístico son instrumentos para medir y analizar los impactos en los destinos turísticos. Por ello, se definieron los componentes del sistema turístico, se caracterizó socioeconómicamente a los turistas y se generaron indicadores en las dimensiones: ambiental, eficacia y turismo en el santuario El Capulín de la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca. A los turistas se les aplicó una encuesta semiestructurada, seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico selectivo. Los resultados mostraron que los turistas son adultos entre 25 y 65 años con estudios de posgrado y licenciatura (54 %) e ingresos entre 7501 y >9000 pesos mensuales (42 %), provienen del Estado de México y Cuidad de México (68 %) porque visitan a sus familiares en sitios cercanos al santuario (34 %), viajan en automóvil (64 %) entre cuatro y seis personas (62 %). Se calcularon cuatro y cinco indicadores en las dimensiones turismo, ambiental y eficacia. Se identificaron tres puntos positivos y 10 negativos. Se propusieron seis acciones de mejora para beneficio de los actores del sistema de turismo alternativo.
In Mexico, tourism is an engine of sustainable development; But, the investigations to evaluate the tourist infrastructure and environmental, social and economic impact are limited. Tourism performance indicators are instruments to measure and analyze the impacts on tourist destinations. For this reason, the components of the tourism system were defined, tourists were socioeconomically characterized, and indicators were generated in the dimensions: environmental, efficiency, and tourism in the El Capulín sanctuary of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. A semi-structured survey was applied to tourists, selected by selective non-probability sampling. The results showed that tourists are adults between 25 and 65 years old with postgraduate and undergraduate studies (54%) and income between 7501 and > 9000 pesos per month (42%), they come from the State of Mexico and Mexico City (68%) because they visit their relatives in places near the sanctuary (34%), travel by car (64%) between four and six people (62%). Four and five indicators were calculated in the tourism, environmental and efficiency dimensions. Three positive and 10 negative points were identified. Six improvement actions were proposed for the benefit of the actors of the alternative tourism system.
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