I fermagli di cintura in bronzo golasecchiani di forma triangolare e rettangolare: revisione dei rinvenimenti, problematiche aperte e nuova proposta tipologica

• Autores: Michela Ruffa
• Localización: Fasten your belts!: From Iberia to North-West Italy / coord. por Veronica Cicolani, Raimon Graells i Fabregat, Lorenzo Zamboni, 2025, ISBN 978-2-35613-464-6, págs. 157-194
• Idioma: italiano
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• Resumen

  • In the context of a research project on the Golasecca belt plates, in this study we intend to define a chrono-typology of this accessory, focusing on the triangular and rectangular Golasecca plates. The territory associated with the Golasecca culture spans from Eastern Lombardy to Western Piedmont, bounded to the North by the Alps and to the South by the Po River. Based on the discovery sites, this type of ornamentation seems to be characteristic of the western area of the Golasecca culture.By examining the collected data, the research suggests a new typology entrusted to an alpha-numeric series of Golasecca belt plates, with the aim to highlight their different typological and chronological characteristics. For the overall recognition of the belt plates the number identifying the form is flanked by a lowercase letter, a-b-c-d, to indicate the presence of four (a) or five flaps (b), residual flaps (c) and holes for fixing (d), which is followed by the determination of the decoration (D), also identified in the different variants with progressive numbers. The type is thus defined by shape, fastening system and decoration if identified.Six distinct forms of belt plates have been identified according to their shape and size. These different forms also reflect a chronological sequence. Form 1, with a triangular shape and deriving from the models of French Final Bronze Age, is attested from the late 7th Century BC to the first quarter of the 6th Century BC. Form 2 seems to testify a transitional phase between form 1 (triangular) and the subsequent rectangular form and is mainly attested between 575 BC and 525 BC (G. II AB). Rectangular-shaped forms (forms 3-6) have been subdivided according to their dimensions, and their frequency indicates that the smallest type (form 3) slightly predates the others, as it is only found in G. II AB contexts, while the others are all dated between the late 6th Century BC and the early 5th Century BC (G. II B).All 144 known belt plates in the Golasecca area are presented, and in particular those that were unpublished are illustrated in the tables, with a detailed analysis of numerical data regarding frequency, discovery contexts, and typology.To date, two production centers have been identified: one in Castelletto Sopra Ticino-Cascina Riviera in the province of Novara and one in Gropello Cairoli-Santo Spirito in the province of Pavia. In the first site, where a bronze working area related to the second and final phase of settlement (second half of the 6th Century BC-beginning of the 5th Century BC) has been identified, three belt plates in the process of production were found, preserved in a semi-finished state just after being removed from a single-valve mold. In the second site a single-valve mold attests to its production in the context of bronze worker’s atelier. These findings confirm the serial production in molds of these ornamental objects, a production that must have responded to a high demand for belt plates from the community.The research was complemented by diagnostic investigations using ED-XRF and RX performed on belt plates located at the Civic Archaeological Museum of Milan