In Italy, after 1860, a new literary wave affected the way in which urban poverty has been described. In Naples, we can see, the transition from a pathetic approach to a more scientific standpoint, being such a passage visible in a comparison between the book of Jessie White Mario -written about 1860- and the enquiry carried out by Matilde Serao in the '80. There, the subjects of the investigation have been subdivided into sociological categories. This mode of dealing with reality paved the way to the first systematic enquiries about housing conditions. The notion of “salubrity” permitted to define what is unacceptable and therefere ready to be demolished. At the turns, this new wave of investigation laid the grounds for radical programmes of urban improvements, carried out for the sake of hygiene.
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