Resumen de Antagonism of bacillus strains against phytopathogenic fusarium species
Marcia M. Rojas Badía, Alexander Govin Sanjudo, Lilianne Fernández Noa, Alejandra Fernández Dávalos, Daysi Lugo Moya, Camilo Castañet Martínez, Cédric Jacquard, Qassim Esmaeel
Wheat is one of the most consuming cereals in the world; however fungal diseases are recognized as a devastating factor that limits wheat production. Fusarium species produce important yield losses in the wheat crop, and they can produce toxins that represent hazardous for animal and human health. Bacteria of Bacillus genus is characterized by production of a diversity of secondary metabolites with potential in the biocontrol for this reason, this bacterial genus is promising as biological agent control. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antagonistic potential of Bacillus strains isolated from Cuban wheat varieties against Fusarium species. The production in vitro of lytic enzymes such as amylases, proteases and lipases were determined in 150 bacterial isolates. Antagonistic activity of Bacillus strains against Fusarium proliferatum were evaluated by dual culture. The promising bacteria were selected and were evaluated on the antagonistic activity against F. culmorum and F. graminearum and the effect of these bacteria in the inhibition of fungal disease by detached leaves assay. The production of proteases was registered in 111 bacteria, amylases in 122 isolates and lipases in 75. We selected 15 Bacillus strains because they showed the higher antagonistic activity against F. proliferatum. The promising bacteria inhibited the F. culmorum and F. graminearum growth over 30% and they produced micro-morphological changes in the hyphae. The reduction of Fusarium disease symptoms in wheat leaves were registered by five strains. These results highlight the potential of promising bacteria as biological control agents against fungal diseases in wheat crop.
