The archaeogenetic support for the Indo-European homeland leads to re-assessments of unresolved issues of historical linguistic theory. This study argues that the shorter time depth of the Steppe Hypothesis and what we now know about the relatively rapid and massive spread of steppe ancestry is more consistent with a 'convergence in situ' model for the formation of Indo-European branches. In this theory, the primary process is that of a geographically over-extended dialect continuum of shallow differentiarion in which the branches formed amongst adjacent dialects within emerging socio-cultural networks during the Bronze Age. The separated branches then decisively crystalized during the Bronze-Iron transition.
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