Pathogenic-Bacterium Distribution and Antibiotic-Resistance Analysis of Urinary Tract Infections in Children in Grassroots Areas of China

• Yunyun Kong ^[1] ; Nannan Yang ^[2] ; Jianyi Chen ^[3]
  1. [1] Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Xinchang, 312500 Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
  2. [2] Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Xinchang, 312500 Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
  3. [3] Department of Neonatology, Sanmen County People’s Hospital, 317100 Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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• Localización: Archivos españoles de urología, ISSN 0004-0614, Tomo 78, Nº. 4, 2025, págs. 435-441
• Idioma: inglés
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  • Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is a common urinary tract disease in children. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of children with UTI who were admitted to a hospital in a primary area of China in the past 5 years to understand the distribution of common pathogens and antibiotic-resistance characteristics of UTI patients in these areas.

    Methods: We collected and retrospectively investigated the urine-culture results, drug-resistance analysis, positive detection rate, composition ratio, and isolation rate of some pathogenic bacteria in children with UTI in the paediatric department of a primary area hospital in China from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023.

    Results: Among 366 midstream urine samples collected from paediatric patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) over a five-year period, 157 cases were found to have pathogenic bacteria, yielding a positive urine-culture rate of 42.90%. Among them, 52 cases (33.12%) were male patients, and 105 cases (66.88%) were female. A total of 94 strains were Gram negative bacteria (59.87%), 62 strains were Gram positive bacteria (39.49%), and 1 case was a fungus (0.64%). Drug-sensitivity testing was conducted on the top three pathogens detected over the past five years (Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Enterococcus faecium) (E. faecium). The isolation rates of these three pathogens showed a declining trend within the five-year period. The constituent ratio of E. coli (35.98%) was higher than that of K. pneumoniae (8.39%) and E. faecium (25.91%). The top two Gram negative bacteria detected were E. coli and K. pneumoniae, whereas the top two Gram positive ones were E. faecium and Staphylococcus hemolyticus. Different pathogens exhibited resistance to various antibiotics.

    Conclusions: In the past 5 years, the main pathogens infected by children with UTI in the grassroots areas of China were Gram negative bacilli represented by E. coli and Gram positive cocci represented by Enterococcus faecium. All isolated pathogens had different degrees of resistance to the current commonly used clinical drugs, thereby requiring clinical attention.