A close look at the history of the academic discipline of geography in Spain since the nineteenth century reveals that the “regenerationist” discourses of modernization that gave voice to a national and nationalist geographical project were backed by an ideology that simultaneously pushed for socioeconomic restructuring and cultural revival in ways that were closely connected to ideas about territory, land and landscape. Since the 1960s, the subdiscipline of cultural geography began to draw on key concepts from cultural studies, philosophy, critical theory, postcolonial studies and feminism in an attempt to get beyond the many forms of environmental determinism that have run through the broader discipline of geography, in Spain and elsewhere. After an overview of the basic premises of cultural geography as a discipline, the place-based cultural theories of Julio Caro Baroja (a frequently overlooked practitioner of cultural geography in Spain) and a handful of significant studies of Iberian culture that have grown out of the “geographical turn” in recent years, this chapter proposes that one way to create opportunities for more productive, inclusive and non-essentialist discussions about space, place and culture within Iberian studies might be to pay attention to Latin American geographers (the work of Afro-Brazilian scholar Milton Santos in particular), and to look for ways of thinking like geographers in dialogue with the fields of history, sociology and anthropology.
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