Resumen de Elba fortificata nella II Guerra Mondiale: le batterie costiere di CapoPoro e Capo d’Enfola
Tommaso Empler, Adriana Caldarone, Alexandra Fusinetti
Elba Island, located between Corsica and Piombino cape, since Etruscan times has been, a disputed island and under attacks by would-be conquerors, due to its Geographic location and its mineral wealth. For this reason, over the centuries, it was built a widespread defensive system, which adapted to natural landscape, or to existing fortresses and fortifications of the past. Last fortifications, from a chronological point of view, were built after World War I, they were integrated during World War II and German occupation in 1943-1944, making Elba take on the role of real fortified Island. Research studies building built by Royal Navy and Royal Army to defend the Island, by analysing sketches in military archives and artifact built and / or integrated by the Germans until June 16th, 1944, when, during operation ‘Brassard’ (Invasion of Elba) Allied release the Island. These artifacts are still visible in Elba‘s landscape, and most of which are in advanced state of decay and completely abandonment: inhabitants and visitors are unable to understand real meaning and historical value of the buildings. Historical research, sketches design studies, integrated survey (TLS + drone), and 3D reconstructions allow to support and create a memory of recent defence system that integrates the one built by the Etruscans (Monte Castello, Castiglone di San Martino and Castiglione di Campo), then by the Pisans (Marciana Fortress, Volterraio Fortress, San Giovanni Tower), by the Principality of Piombino and Grand Duchy of Tuscany in the 16th century (Forte Falcone and Forte Stella in the original Cosmopoli, and towers scattered throughout the territory , fortified churches), and finally by the Spaniards in seventeenth century (Forte San Giacomo and Forte Focardo in Porto Longone).
