El modelo defensivo del presidio de la ciudad de San Agustín de la laFlorida-USA, entre los siglos XVI y XVIII

• Yesmin Morales Hidalgo ^[1] ; Juan Carlos Piquer Cases ^[1] ; Esther Capilla Tamborero ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

     Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

     Valencia, España

     
• Localización: FORTMED2023. Defensive architecture of the mediterranean : vol. XIII, XIV, XV / Marco Giorgio Bevilacqua (dir. congr.), Denise Ulivieri (aut.), 2023, ISBN 978-84-1396-129-3, págs. 201-208
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
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• Resumen

  • The Presidio of San Agustin de la Florida that appears drawn in the historical planimetry and cartography between the 16th and 18th centuries has been investigated as a resource to virtually understand and reconstruct the type of urbanism presented in the plan by Juan Joseph Elixio de la Puente (1764). A defensive urban architectural typology used as a visible limit of the power of the Spanish Crown since the 16th century in America. These settlements initially designed with the instructions of Fernando el Católico in 1513, and later with 1573 Ordinance of Felipe II, were units of a large system. Each town was constituted by a military establishment and a religious mission. Due to this, when Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded San Agustin in 1565, in the Atlantic Cost of North America, he located it near of the Fort Carolina. This wooden fortress, built and occupied by French Huguenot soldiers, was reused by Spanish conquerors. This is demonstrated in the first graphic representation of the city made by Hernando de Mestas in 1576, who located the settlement next to a fort, because the Spanish Crown needed to control, in the Florida, the return route of the Galleon fleets to the Iberian Peninsula. Although, the type of fortification that appears on this Map was temporary or campaign due to its precarious or more ephemeral nature. Thence, the process of constructive evolution of the urban architectural context in the three historical periods studied that the plans and maps shown, oriented to the development of its permanent strength. The military engineers, in charge of this procedure, regulated the designs with the principles of modern polyorcetics that combined defense and attack techniques to the site.