Publication: Marco metodológico y tecnológico para la gestión del conocimiento organizativo que dé soporte al despliegue de buenas prácticas de Ingeniería del software
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2011-09
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2011-11-21
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Abstract
Hoy en día nos encontramos inmersos en una sociedad que está en constante cambio, donde los paradigmas creados por los padres de la automatización y formalización de procesos de la era moderna, Henry Ford y Frederick Taylor, han dejado de ser totalmente válidos; cuando a principios del siglo XX la capacidad productiva se basaba mayormente en la fuerza física, hoy en los albores del siglo XII el paradigma es muy distinto, ya que la productividad de la sociedad actual, llamada “del conocimiento” se basa en buena medida en la capacidad de las organizaciones para gestionar de la manera más eficiente lo que saben, es decir, su propio conocimiento. En una sociedad, en donde un activo de mucho valor es el conocimiento, surge la necesidad de crear nuevos modelos y paradigmas para la gestión del mismo, sin embargo, esto conlleva superar diversos retos, tanto metodológicos como tecnológicos, es por ello que en esta tesis doctoral, se presenta Promise Framework,una propuesta de marco metodológico y tecnológico para la gestión del conocimiento organizativo, el cual está focalizado en su práctica efectiva en el ámbito de la ingeniería del software, para conseguir que el conocimiento de las organizaciones de desarrollo de software sea usable, útil, accesible y cuantificable. • Usable, de modo que el conocimiento organizativo pueda ser usado y reutilizado en la gestión de proyectos en el seno de la organización. • Útil, ya que sólo en el caso de que el conocimiento que esté disponible sea útil, la transferencia del mismo será efectiva. • Accesible, de modo que el conocimiento organizativo pueda ser recuperado eficiente y eficazmente. • Cuantificable, de modo que los activos de conocimiento de la organización puedan valorarse en función de su aportación a la consecución de los objetivos estratégicos. A lo largo de esta tesis doctoral se presenta una descripción de cada uno de los componentes de Promise Framework: • Modelo de Madurez y Capacidad del Conocimiento Organizativo (Modelo Altus): El cual tiene por objetivo principal sentar las bases sobre las cuales se valorará el conocimiento organizativo, así como los mecanismos para asegurar su accesibilidad, usabilidad y aprendizaje por parte de todos los miembros de la organización. • Marco metodológico: El cual define el método general de trabajo que debe implementarse dentro de una organización para utilizar Promise Framework y poder llevar a cabo la gestión y valoración de su conocimiento. • Marco tecnológico: El cual define un conjunto de herramientas de software, principalmente herramientas basadas en tecnologías Web 2.0 y gestores de bases de datos, a través de las cuales se implementa de manera práctica el marco metodológico y se facilita la captura de información para llevar a cabo la valoración de la madurez del conocimiento organizativo. La validación experimental de la propuesta presentada en esta tesis doctoral se ha definido en torno a la potencial utilidad de Promise Framework dentro de una organización de desarrollo de software para dar soporte a la gestión del conocimiento organizativo (creación, uso, reutilización, valoración y transferencia) en grupos de trabajo conformados por ingenieros de software junior de nueva incorporación; bajo esta premisa, la validación experimenta de esta tesis doctoral se ha llevado a cabo en un contexto universitario, al proporcionar un entorno de experimentación adecuado, ya que el perfil de los alumnos universitarios satisface los criterios de un ingeniero de software junior. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nowadays we are immersed in a constantly changing society, where the paradigms proposed by Henry Ford and Frederick Taylor, fathers of the automation and formalization of processes in the modern era, are no longer entirely valid; at the beginning of the 20th century the productive capacity was mainly based on physical strength. Today on the beginning of the 21st century the paradigm is quite different, productivity in the current society, that is called “the knowledge society”, is mainly based on the capability of organizations to effectively manage what they know, that is, their knowledge. In a society where the most valuable asset is knowledge, a need to create new models and paradigms to manage knowledge arises, it implies to overcome several methodological and technological challenges, for that reason, this doctoral thesis presents Promise Framework, a methodological and technological framework proposal for organizational knowledge management, that is focused to be deployed on software development organizations, and is aimed to help software organizations to make their knowledge usable, useful, accessible and measurable. • Usable, allowing to all the members of an organization to use and reuse organizational knowledge in projects execution. • Useful, easing knowledge transference and fostering work effectiveness. • Accessible, allowing knowledge access without complexity to all the members of an organization. • Measurable, allowing assessing the quality of knowledge assets in terms of their contribution to fulfill the strategic objectives of an organization. The organizational knowledge management framework presented in this work is composed by three main components, which are detailed throughout this doctoral thesis. • Altus Model: Capability and Maturity Model for Organizational Knowledge. This model is aimed to offer a mechanism to assess the maturity of organizational knowledge and the capability of an organization to manage its knowledge. • Methodological Framework. Defines the general workflow of Promise Framework by setting the rules that need to be followed by an organization to manage its knowledge. • Technological Framework. Defines a set of technological tools to deploy Promise Framework in an organization and ease the knowledge gathering, coding, storage and recovering. The experimental validation of the proposal presented in this doctoral thesis was conducted to corroborate if Promise Framework is useful within a software organization to support the creation, use, reuse, assessment, and transference of knowledge when a software project is executed by junior software engineers that are coordinated by senior software engineers. Under this context, this validation was conducted on a university environment, where last year students of a Computer Science degree played the role of junior software engineers and the lecturers played the role of senior software engineers.
Nowadays we are immersed in a constantly changing society, where the paradigms proposed by Henry Ford and Frederick Taylor, fathers of the automation and formalization of processes in the modern era, are no longer entirely valid; at the beginning of the 20th century the productive capacity was mainly based on physical strength. Today on the beginning of the 21st century the paradigm is quite different, productivity in the current society, that is called “the knowledge society”, is mainly based on the capability of organizations to effectively manage what they know, that is, their knowledge. In a society where the most valuable asset is knowledge, a need to create new models and paradigms to manage knowledge arises, it implies to overcome several methodological and technological challenges, for that reason, this doctoral thesis presents Promise Framework, a methodological and technological framework proposal for organizational knowledge management, that is focused to be deployed on software development organizations, and is aimed to help software organizations to make their knowledge usable, useful, accessible and measurable. • Usable, allowing to all the members of an organization to use and reuse organizational knowledge in projects execution. • Useful, easing knowledge transference and fostering work effectiveness. • Accessible, allowing knowledge access without complexity to all the members of an organization. • Measurable, allowing assessing the quality of knowledge assets in terms of their contribution to fulfill the strategic objectives of an organization. The organizational knowledge management framework presented in this work is composed by three main components, which are detailed throughout this doctoral thesis. • Altus Model: Capability and Maturity Model for Organizational Knowledge. This model is aimed to offer a mechanism to assess the maturity of organizational knowledge and the capability of an organization to manage its knowledge. • Methodological Framework. Defines the general workflow of Promise Framework by setting the rules that need to be followed by an organization to manage its knowledge. • Technological Framework. Defines a set of technological tools to deploy Promise Framework in an organization and ease the knowledge gathering, coding, storage and recovering. The experimental validation of the proposal presented in this doctoral thesis was conducted to corroborate if Promise Framework is useful within a software organization to support the creation, use, reuse, assessment, and transference of knowledge when a software project is executed by junior software engineers that are coordinated by senior software engineers. Under this context, this validation was conducted on a university environment, where last year students of a Computer Science degree played the role of junior software engineers and the lecturers played the role of senior software engineers.
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Keywords
Organización del conocimiento, Marco metodológico, Marco tecnológico, Promise Framework, Ingeniería del software, Buenas prácticas