Planetary systems across different niches: Synergies between Kepler and Calar Alto observatories
Author
Lillo Box, JorgeAdvisor
Barrado Navascués, DavidEntity
UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica; Centro de Astrobiología (CAB)Date
2015-07-02Subjects
Planetas - Atmósfera - Tesis doctorales; Astrofísica - Aparatos e instrumentos - Tesis doctorales; Astronomía - Tesis doctorales; FísicaNote
Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física Teórica. Fecha de lectura: 02-07-2015Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional.
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first extrasolar planets around two decades ago, more than a thousand
of these worlds have been confirmed and characterized. The wide and unexpected diversity of
properties shown by these planetary systems suggest the complexity of the planet formation and
evolution processes. Apart from providing indications on the formation of the Solar System,
these discoveries have opened many others. Step-by-step, we are providing observational hints
to answer them. In particular, the Kepler mission has provided an impressive sample of planet
candidates of any kind that can be fully characterized thanks to the technique used and the
subsequent ground-based follow-up. This full characterization is important in order to analyze
their origin and evolution history.
In this thesis, we present our contribution to complete the picture of the evolution of planetary
systems. We have performed a comprehensive follow-up of the Kepler candidates by making
use of ground-based instrumentation at Calar Alto Observatory. Due to the characteristics of the
Kepler mission, the detected transits (due to the pass of an object in front of a star) could be due
to other blended configurations mimicking a planetary-like transit. Our work has been centered
on ruling out these configurations, confirming the planetary-nature of the transiting objects,
and analyzing their properties. To that end, we have carried out a two-phases project making
use of different datasets and techniques. The two phases consisted on i) obtaining high-spatial
resolution images of a large sample of Kepler candidates owing to unveil possible companions
and ii) obtaining high-resolution spectroscopy of a smaller carefully selected sub-sample to
monitor the radial velocity of the host star and characterize the physical and orbital properties
of the planet. In addition, we have analyzed the Kepler light curve looking for modulations
induced by the presence of a planetary-mass or substellar object.
The results of this follow-up have yielded to the confirmation of five planets in four host stars.
Among them, we have found the closest-in planet orbiting a giant star (Kepler-91 b), being
the first confirmed planet known to transit one of these evolved stars. Additionally, we confirmed
other close-in giant planet around another giant star (Kepler-432 b), the planet having the
most grazing transit known to date (Kepler-447 b), and a two-planet system revolving around
a young solar-analog (KOI-372). Besides, our high-resolution images of more than 170 planet
host candidates have improved the candidacy of tens of planets and have reported close blended
companions in around 18% of the sample. In this dissertation we present the observations and
analysis that lead to these results and discuss their relevance in the exoplanetary field
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