Publication: Caracterización del perfil temporal de activación de las células gliales en un modelo experimental de glaucoma y análisis del efecto antiinflamatorio y neuroprotector de un extracto de azafrán
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2023-11-17
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El glaucoma es una patología neurodegenerativa de la retina caracterizada por la pérdida de las células ganglionares (CGRs), que conduce a la ceguera. El incremento de la presión intraocular (PIO) es uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes asociados a esta patología y el único para el que existe tratamiento en la actualidad, sin embargo, en numerosas ocasiones la progresión de la enfermedad continúa, a pesar de su control. Por tanto, la elevación de la PIO no es el único desencadenante del daño glaucomatoso, señalando la evidencia de que otros factores que pueden inducir la muerte de las células ganglionares de la retina en esta patología, estarían implicados en la progresión de la neurodegeneración glaucomatosa. Los mecanismos subyacentes que desencadenan el proceso neurodegenerativo en el glaucoma incluyen la isquemia/hipoxia, la disfunción mitocondrial, el estrés oxidativo y la neuroinflamación. En el glaucoma, al igual que en otros procesos neurodegenerativos, está implicado el sistema inmune y la inmunorregulación es llevada a cabo principalmente por las células gliales: microglía, astrocitos y células de Müller. El aumento de la presión intraocular produce la activación de las células gliales en el tejido retiniano. Esta activación si se cronifica puede provocar un estado proinflamatorio a nivel retiniano que inducirá la ruptura de la barrera hematorretiniana y la muerte de las células ganglionares de la retina. La modulación de la respuesta inmunitaria en el glaucoma, así como la activación de las células gliales constituyen un nuevo e interesante enfoque en el tratamiento del glaucoma...
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to visual loss. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the most important risk factors associated with this pathology and the only one for which treatment is currently available, nevertheless, on many cases the progression of the disease continues, despite intraocular pressure control. Thus, the intraocular pressure elevation is not the only trigger of glaucomatous damage, showing the evidence that other factors can induce retinal ganglion cells death in this pathology, would be involved in the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms driving the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma include ischemia/hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In glaucoma, like as other neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is involved and immunoregulation is conducted mainly by glial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The increase in intraocular pressure produces the activation of glial cells in the retinal tissue and chronic activation of glial cells in this pathology may provoke a proinflammatory state at the retinal level that would induce blood retinal barrier rupture and retinal ganglion cells death. The modulation of the immune response in glaucoma as well as the activation of glial cells constitute an interesting new approach in the treatment of glaucoma...
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to visual loss. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the most important risk factors associated with this pathology and the only one for which treatment is currently available, nevertheless, on many cases the progression of the disease continues, despite intraocular pressure control. Thus, the intraocular pressure elevation is not the only trigger of glaucomatous damage, showing the evidence that other factors can induce retinal ganglion cells death in this pathology, would be involved in the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms driving the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma include ischemia/hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In glaucoma, like as other neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is involved and immunoregulation is conducted mainly by glial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The increase in intraocular pressure produces the activation of glial cells in the retinal tissue and chronic activation of glial cells in this pathology may provoke a proinflammatory state at the retinal level that would induce blood retinal barrier rupture and retinal ganglion cells death. The modulation of the immune response in glaucoma as well as the activation of glial cells constitute an interesting new approach in the treatment of glaucoma...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 15-03-2023