Publication: Niveles de epinefrina, cortisol, serotonina y dopamina en cabestros, reses de lidia y caballos de acoso y derribo, como indicadores de bienestar animal
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2023-09-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los cabestros son animales necesarios para la cría y producción de bovinos de lidia, para su manejo, tanto en explotaciones como en espectáculos taurinos. Si bien existen numerosos estudios entorno a los animales de lidia, sobre los cabestros por su parte, no hemos encontrado ninguna investigación, ni artículo científico de ningún tema centrado en estos animales .En este estudio se ha trabajado con cabestros de distintas explotaciones y diferentes razas, Berrenda en Colorado, Berrenda en Negro y Tudanca, tomando muestras de saliva para comprobar sus niveles hormonales de cortisol y epinefrina, así como los niveles de dopamina y serotonina, y relacionarlos con su nivel de Bienestar Animal en distintos momentos. Por otra parte, el Acoso y Derribo es una práctica que se viene desarrollando en las ganaderías de reses de lidia con el fin de seleccionar a los animales por su comportamiento. Dicha práctica, ha dado lugar a una de las especialidades deportivas encuadrada en la Federación Hípica, y es, en los animales implicados en concursos de Acoso y Derribo, donde se han tomado muestras para investigar si existen variaciones en sus niveles de hormonas, en busca de posibles efectos de las actividades que desarrollan a lo largo del concurso, sobre su Bienestar Animal. Estos animales que participan en la modalidad de Acoso y Derribo son: caballo cruzado, eralas mansas y bravas, vacas mansas y bravas y erales bravos. Cuando hablamos de eralas y vacas mansas, en todos los casos son razas no bravas, criadas para producción cárnica; las razas en las que hemos tomado muestras son Salers y Retinta Andaluza...
The results in the case of halters, and specifically of epinephrine, show that only at the moment of unloading, the physiological range is exceeded. In the moments after the animal has performed the activity, we also found significant differences in the levels of epinephrine in saliva, although at these moments the levels of this hormone were always within its physiological range. In the case of salivary cortisol of halters, the results have been the majority within the physiological ranges of 0 to 20 ng/ml, except in the case of the moment of unloading (moment 1), in which the levels have significantly increased and exceed the physiological range, in any case. In the moments after the activity of the halters, the values of cortisol in saliva have increased significantly, compared to the moment prior to loading the animals in the transport, but always without exceeding the physiological range of said hormone. In the analysis of dopamine in halters, significantly increased values were obtained at the moment of unloading the animals or moment 1, while after performing the activity, dopamine values decreased again within the physiological range. Serotonin values in halters were found within the physiological range and no significant variations were found between the times of sampling: before performing the activity, just after finishing the activity and two hours after finishing the sports activity.
The results in the case of halters, and specifically of epinephrine, show that only at the moment of unloading, the physiological range is exceeded. In the moments after the animal has performed the activity, we also found significant differences in the levels of epinephrine in saliva, although at these moments the levels of this hormone were always within its physiological range. In the case of salivary cortisol of halters, the results have been the majority within the physiological ranges of 0 to 20 ng/ml, except in the case of the moment of unloading (moment 1), in which the levels have significantly increased and exceed the physiological range, in any case. In the moments after the activity of the halters, the values of cortisol in saliva have increased significantly, compared to the moment prior to loading the animals in the transport, but always without exceeding the physiological range of said hormone. In the analysis of dopamine in halters, significantly increased values were obtained at the moment of unloading the animals or moment 1, while after performing the activity, dopamine values decreased again within the physiological range. Serotonin values in halters were found within the physiological range and no significant variations were found between the times of sampling: before performing the activity, just after finishing the activity and two hours after finishing the sports activity.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 16-12-2022