Publication: Uso de datos de microbioma para explicar la expresión de caracteres productivos en especies domésticas
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2022-09-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El descubrimiento de comunidades microbianas asociadas simbióticamente a organismos eucariotas ha llevado a un cambio de paradigma en la definición de individuo biológico, que ahora se ve como una combinación codependiente del hospedador y su microbioma, u holobionte. Por tanto, el estudio de los microbiomas se ha convertido en algo fundamental para comprender la biología de los organismos vivos complejos. De hecho, se ha observado que las comunidades microbianas poseen un papel crucial en la salud, supervivencia, desarrollo y metabolismo del hospedador. Los recientes avances en secuenciación genética han supuesto un importante impulso para la investigación en microbiología, al permitir la obtención de bases de datos de secuenciación masiva que abarcan una gran parte de la diversidad presente dentro de los microbiomas. La era del next-generation sequencing ha aportado nuevos conocimientos sobre el efecto de las comunidades microbianas sobre el fenotipo del hospedador, con especial relevancia del microbioma intestinal. Para la industria ganadera este hecho ha dado lugar a importantes avances en la comprensión de los mecanismos biológicos que influyen en productividad, sostenibilidad y bienestar animal, lo que podría ser útil para afrontar los desafíos existentes en este sector...
The discovery of microbial communities symbiotically associated with eukaryotic organisms has led to a paradigm shift in the definition of the biological individual, which is now seen as a co-dependent combination of the host and its microbiome, or holobiont. Thus, the study of microbiomes has become essential to understand the biology of complex living organisms. Indeed, current research points to a crucial role of microbial communities in host health, survivability, development and metabolism. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have entailed a significant boost to microbial research, allowing the generation of massive sequencing databases encompassing a large proportion of the diversity inside microbiomes. The era of next-generation sequencing has brought new knowledge about the role of microbial communities, with special significance for gut microbiomes, in host phenotype. For livestock industry, this has led to important advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms influencing animal welfare, productivity and sustainability, which could be useful to face existing challenges in animal production...
The discovery of microbial communities symbiotically associated with eukaryotic organisms has led to a paradigm shift in the definition of the biological individual, which is now seen as a co-dependent combination of the host and its microbiome, or holobiont. Thus, the study of microbiomes has become essential to understand the biology of complex living organisms. Indeed, current research points to a crucial role of microbial communities in host health, survivability, development and metabolism. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have entailed a significant boost to microbial research, allowing the generation of massive sequencing databases encompassing a large proportion of the diversity inside microbiomes. The era of next-generation sequencing has brought new knowledge about the role of microbial communities, with special significance for gut microbiomes, in host phenotype. For livestock industry, this has led to important advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms influencing animal welfare, productivity and sustainability, which could be useful to face existing challenges in animal production...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 11-03-2022