Publication: Psicopatología y género: determinantes socioculturales de los trastornos psicológicos en las mujeres
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2022-03-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La salud de mujeres y hombres es diferente, siendo las mujeres quienes tienen peor salud general: presentan mayor número de trastornos crónicos, mayor deterioro cognitivo y prevalencia de dolor severo (Case & Paxson, 2005; Chiasson & Hirsch, 2005; Crimmins et al., 2010; Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, 2018a; Oksuzyan et al., 2019; Sánchez-López et al., 2012). Pero si hay un área de la salud donde la diferencia de sexo en la prevalencia de trastornos es especialmente significativa es en salud mental, teniendo las mujeres casi el doble de prevalencia que los hombres (Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, 2018b; Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS], 2018; Velasco et al., 2007).Los datos epidemiológicos muestran que en algunos diagnósticos no hay diferencias de sexo, pero hay otros muchos trastornos donde la prevalencia es muy superior en mujeres. Es el caso de los trastornos alimentarios (Kohen, 2010; Ruiz et al., 2016), trastornos afectivos como la depresión (Ferrari et al., 2013; Pérez & Serra, 1997; Pérez & Gaviña, 2019; Sáenz-Herrero, 2019; Salk et al., 2017), ansiedad y distimia (Leal, 2006; Pérez & Gaviña, 2019) y algunos trastornos de personalidad, como el trastorno límite (Kienast et al., 2014; Ortiz-Tallo et al., 2011a; Millon & Grossman, 2003; Tomko et al., 2014). De lo anterior, podría señalarse también que las mujeres tienen mayor prevalencia en trastornos relacionados con la internalización (ansiedad, depresión) y los hombres con la externalización (trastorno de personalidad antisocial, adicciones) (Eaton et al., 2012)...
Women’s health is different from men’s health, with women having the worst general health: they have a higher number of chronic conditions, higher levels of cognitive impairment, and a higher prevalence of severe pain and physical disability (Case & Paxson, 2005; Chiasson & Hirsch, 2005; Crimmins et al., 2010; Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social [Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs, and Social Welfare], 2018a; Oksuzyan et al., 2019; Sánchez-López et al., 2012). However, if there is one area of health where gender-based differences in the prevalence of disorders is particularly significant, that is mental health, where the prevalence of mental health problems is twice as high in women as in men (Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social [Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs, and Social Welfare], 2018b; World Health Organisation [WHO], 2018; Velasco et al., 2007).Epidemiological data show that there are a number of diagnoses for which there are no sex-based differences, but there are many other disorders where the prevalence is much higher in women. This is the case of eating disorders (Kohen, 2010; Ruiz et al., 2016), affective disorders such as depression (Ferrari et al., 2013; Pérez & Serra, 1997; Pérez & Gaviña, 2019; Sáenz-Herrero, 2019; Salk et al., 2017), anxiety and dysthymia (Leal, 2006; Pérez & Gaviña, 2019; Sánchez-López & Cuéllar, 2013), and some personality disorders, such as borderline disorder (Kienast et al., 2014; Ortiz-Tallo et al., 2011a; Millon & Grossman, 2003; Tomko et al., 2014). It also follows from the above that women have, in general, a higher prevalence of internalising disorders (anxiety, depression) while men tend towards externalising disorders (antisocial personality disorder, addictions) (Eaton et al., 2012)...
Women’s health is different from men’s health, with women having the worst general health: they have a higher number of chronic conditions, higher levels of cognitive impairment, and a higher prevalence of severe pain and physical disability (Case & Paxson, 2005; Chiasson & Hirsch, 2005; Crimmins et al., 2010; Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social [Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs, and Social Welfare], 2018a; Oksuzyan et al., 2019; Sánchez-López et al., 2012). However, if there is one area of health where gender-based differences in the prevalence of disorders is particularly significant, that is mental health, where the prevalence of mental health problems is twice as high in women as in men (Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social [Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs, and Social Welfare], 2018b; World Health Organisation [WHO], 2018; Velasco et al., 2007).Epidemiological data show that there are a number of diagnoses for which there are no sex-based differences, but there are many other disorders where the prevalence is much higher in women. This is the case of eating disorders (Kohen, 2010; Ruiz et al., 2016), affective disorders such as depression (Ferrari et al., 2013; Pérez & Serra, 1997; Pérez & Gaviña, 2019; Sáenz-Herrero, 2019; Salk et al., 2017), anxiety and dysthymia (Leal, 2006; Pérez & Gaviña, 2019; Sánchez-López & Cuéllar, 2013), and some personality disorders, such as borderline disorder (Kienast et al., 2014; Ortiz-Tallo et al., 2011a; Millon & Grossman, 2003; Tomko et al., 2014). It also follows from the above that women have, in general, a higher prevalence of internalising disorders (anxiety, depression) while men tend towards externalising disorders (antisocial personality disorder, addictions) (Eaton et al., 2012)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 03-12-2021