Efectos de la condición física y la adiposidad sobre indicadores de salud cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes: estudio longitudinal up&down
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Pérez Pérez, AlejandroDate
2021Department
Didáctica de la Educación Física, Plástica y MusicalAbstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the
leading cause of global mortality.
Normally, cardiovascular alterations
become visible after the fifth decade of
life, but increasing evidence suggest
that their origin may occur in early
ages. Thus, the identification of
children and adolescents at higher risk
is of vital importance for the
prevention of CVD. In this sense, the
definition of young people at risk of
CVD is normally based on the levels of
several factors, including waist
circumference, triglycerides, highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood
pressure (BP), and glucose levels,
among others. Nonetheless, the
identification of those at risk using
these markers would entail a high
economic cost, in addition to
subjecting young people to invasive
measures. Physical fitness, specifically
cardiorespiratory (CRF) and muscular
fitness (MF), and fatness are
considered key elements for the
cardiovascular risk identification, given
their close association with the
previously mentioned markers. Both,
fitness and fatness provide a quicker
and relatively simple way to identify
those at risk of future CVD. However,
although their association with CVD
risk factors has been previously examined, their independent and
combined effect on CVD risk factors
remain to be fully determined. More
information is needed since fitness
and fatness may lay in the same causal
chain leading to future CVD. Thus, the
main aim of the present International
Doctoral Thesis was to study the
independent and combined effects of
different components of physical
fitness and fatness on CVD risk factors
levels, cross-sectionally and
longitudinally (two-year follow-up), in a
sample of Spanish children and
adolescents.
The results of the eight studies
included indicate that body mass
index (BMI) is an independent
predictor of CVD risk factors, and a
mediator in the association of CRF
(Study I) and MF (Study II) with
clustered CVD risk factors. Different
fitness cut-off points associated with
reduced CVD risk two-years later have
been identified for CRF in children
(Study III) and for upper- and lowerbody MF in children and adolescents
(Study IV). A bidirectional longitudinal
association was observed between
CRF and different fatness indicators in
children and adolescents, but the
associations between CRF as exposure
and fatness weakened when fatness at
baseline was considered (Study V). The bidirectional associations between
CRF (Study VI) and MF (Study VII) with
neck circumference (NC) were only
observed cross-sectionally.
Longitudinally, only NC showed an
independent association with CRF and
MF. Furthermore, BP measures seem
to be longitudinally affected to a
higher extent by NC than by CRF
(Study VI) and MF (Study VII). Finally,
waist circumference, but neither CRF
nor MF, is independently associated
with future BP and its changes over
two years (Study VIII).
The results from the present thesis
enhance our knowledge on the
combined and independent effects of
fitness and fatness on CVD risk factors.
In addition, it provides fitness cut-off
points for the identification of those
children and adolescents at a higher
risk of future CVD.
Subjects
Cardiovascular diseases; fitness; fatness; children; adolescentsCollections
- Tesis [592]
- Tesis Did. E. Fis. [11]