Publication: La transhumanidad tekoaxy y las dádivas en movimiento: reflexiones sobre la filosofía guaraní-MBYA
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2021-01-18
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Este trabajo versa sobre algunos aspectos de la filosofía Guaraní que guardan relación con dos conceptos que designan la condición humana: tekoaxy y mbya. A partir de una reflexión sobre las relaciones entre las plataformas celestes, en las que habitan los seres divinos imperecederos – Nhanderu y Nhandexy kuery y la plataforma terrestre, Yvy Rupa, percibimos la importancia del movimiento de dádivas para la existencia de los Guaraní, a empezar por los nhe’e͂ y sus mba’e porã, que son enviadas por los dioses a la Tierra (Yvy Rupa) para que pueda nacer un niño o niña en el seno de una familia. A su vez, la vida en Yvy Rupa depende de relaciones de intercambio con una serie de ‘dueños’ (-ja), algunos de los cuales son responsables por diversas dolencias y enfermedades. La posición de usuario que caracteriza a la condición humana requiere ciertos formalismos para evitar el deterioro de las relaciones con los ‘dueños’’, lo que supone modos singulares de aparecer entre sí y ante otros que guardan una dependencia mutua. Podremos vislumbrar, por fin, la existencia de una estrategia para la duración, el Mbyareko, cuya invención y/o descubrimiento es remitido a Nhanderu Tenonde, principal divinidad del cosmos guaraní y que será aquí comprendida como una suerte de ‘moral estética’. El punto nodal de tal estrategia es la alternancia entre tiempos (día/noche y tiempo viejo/ tiempo nuevo – o ara yma/ara pyau) y espacios (opy/oka – casa de rezas/patio), así como géneros y edades, operada por los movimientos de las cosas, palabras y personas – el intercambio – que siguen algunos patrones estéticos (formalismos) – la línea y el circulo – y que replican posiciones relacionales especificas – “en frente de” (-ovai) y “por delante de” (tenonde); lo que muestra la relación entre dos procesos de transformación mutuamente implicados: mbo-jera (el florecimiento) y aguyje (la renovación)...
This work deals with some aspects of Guaraní philosophy that relate to two concepts that designate the human condition: tekoaxy and mbya. From a reflection on the relationships between the heavenly platforms, in which the divine everlasting beings inhabit – Nhanderu and Nhandexy kuery and the terrestrial platform, Yvy Rupa, we perceive the importance of the movement of gifts for the existence of the Guaraní, to start with the nhe’e ͂͂ and their mba'e porã, who are sent by the gods to Earth (Yvy Rupa) so that a boy or girl can be born into a family. In turn, life in Yvy Rupa depends on exchange relationships with a number of 'owners' (-ja), some of whom are responsible for various ailments and diseases. The user position that characterizes the human condition requires certain formalisms to avoid the deterioration of relations with the 'owners'', which implies unique ways of appearing with each other and before others who have a mutual dependence. We can finally glimpse the existence of a strategy for duration, the Mbyareko, whose invention and/or discovery is sent to Nhanderu Tenonde, the main divinity of the Guaraní cosmos and which will be understood here as a kind of 'aesthetic morality'. The nodal point of such a strategy is the alternation between times (day/night and old time/new time – or ara yma/ara pyau) and spaces (opy/oka – house of prayers/patio), as well as genders and ages, operated by the movements of things, words and people – the exchange – that follow some aesthetic patterns (formalisms) – line and circle – and that replicate specific relational positions – "in front of" and "ahead of"; which shows the relationship between two mutually involved transformation processes: mbo-jera (the flowering) and aguyje (renewal)...
This work deals with some aspects of Guaraní philosophy that relate to two concepts that designate the human condition: tekoaxy and mbya. From a reflection on the relationships between the heavenly platforms, in which the divine everlasting beings inhabit – Nhanderu and Nhandexy kuery and the terrestrial platform, Yvy Rupa, we perceive the importance of the movement of gifts for the existence of the Guaraní, to start with the nhe’e ͂͂ and their mba'e porã, who are sent by the gods to Earth (Yvy Rupa) so that a boy or girl can be born into a family. In turn, life in Yvy Rupa depends on exchange relationships with a number of 'owners' (-ja), some of whom are responsible for various ailments and diseases. The user position that characterizes the human condition requires certain formalisms to avoid the deterioration of relations with the 'owners'', which implies unique ways of appearing with each other and before others who have a mutual dependence. We can finally glimpse the existence of a strategy for duration, the Mbyareko, whose invention and/or discovery is sent to Nhanderu Tenonde, the main divinity of the Guaraní cosmos and which will be understood here as a kind of 'aesthetic morality'. The nodal point of such a strategy is the alternation between times (day/night and old time/new time – or ara yma/ara pyau) and spaces (opy/oka – house of prayers/patio), as well as genders and ages, operated by the movements of things, words and people – the exchange – that follow some aesthetic patterns (formalisms) – line and circle – and that replicate specific relational positions – "in front of" and "ahead of"; which shows the relationship between two mutually involved transformation processes: mbo-jera (the flowering) and aguyje (renewal)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia de América y Medieval y Ciencias Historiográficas, leída el 04-03-2020