Publication: Aberraciones ópticas de alto orden en cuatro técnicas de trasplante corneal
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2019-01-28
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El trasplante corneal es un procedimiento mediante el cual se reemplaza la totalidad del grosor de la córnea o alguna de sus capas. La QPP ha sido la técnica más empleada para el tratamiento de las patologías corneales, actualmente se están popularizando las técnicas de queratoplastia laminar, donde se recambia únicamente la capa patológica. La queratoplastia laminar es cada vez más practicada debido a que tiene ventajas sobre el trasplante penetrante como: recuperación funcional más rápida, menor alteración refractiva y topométrica, disminución de la posibilidad de presentar un rechazo inmunológico, menor incidencia de efectos secundarios medicamentosos, principalmente los esteroides, y mayor protección ante la eventualidad de un traumatismo ocular, además de conservar mejor las características biomecánicas de la córnea receptora. Por otro lado, la queratoplastia laminar tiene ventajas específicas de acuerdo con la indicación del trasplante al conservar las estructuras sanas de la córnea receptora. Las aberraciones ópticas corneales son uno de los principales factores condicionantes de la calidad de imagen que llega a la retina. Estas aberraciones dependen de la geometría de las superficies refractivas corneales tanto anterior como posterior. Podemos analizar el comportamiento óptico de la córnea gracias a que es posible convertir los datos de topografía y elevación en datos aberrométricos. Más del 90% de las aberraciones ópticas que tiene un ojo sano proceden del plano corneal, siendo mayor en córneas irregulares...
Corneal transplantation is a procedure in which the entire thickness of the cornea or any of its layers is replaced. Penetrating keratoplasty has been the most widely used technique for the treatment of corneal pathologies that caused irreversible visual deficiency. Currently, lamellar keratoplasty techniques are becoming popular, where only the pathological layer is replaced by donor corneal tissue.Lamellar keratoplasty is increasingly practiced because it has advantages over penetrating transplantation such as: faster functional recovery, less refractive and topometric alteration, reduced chance of immune rejection, less incidence of medication- side effects, mainly steroids, and greater protection against the possibility of eye trauma, in addition to better preservation of the biomechanical characteristics of the receiving cornea. On the other hand, lamellar keratoplasty has specific advantages according to the indication of the transplant, as it preserves the healthy structures of the receiving cornea. Corneal optical aberrations are one of the main factors conditioning the quality of the image that reaches the retina. These aberrations depend on the geometry of both anterior and posterior corneal refractive surfaces. We can analyze the optical behavior of the cornea by converting topography and elevation data into optical aberration data. It should be noted that more than 90% of the optical aberrations in a healthy eye come from the corneal plane, and are higher in irregular corneas...
Corneal transplantation is a procedure in which the entire thickness of the cornea or any of its layers is replaced. Penetrating keratoplasty has been the most widely used technique for the treatment of corneal pathologies that caused irreversible visual deficiency. Currently, lamellar keratoplasty techniques are becoming popular, where only the pathological layer is replaced by donor corneal tissue.Lamellar keratoplasty is increasingly practiced because it has advantages over penetrating transplantation such as: faster functional recovery, less refractive and topometric alteration, reduced chance of immune rejection, less incidence of medication- side effects, mainly steroids, and greater protection against the possibility of eye trauma, in addition to better preservation of the biomechanical characteristics of the receiving cornea. On the other hand, lamellar keratoplasty has specific advantages according to the indication of the transplant, as it preserves the healthy structures of the receiving cornea. Corneal optical aberrations are one of the main factors conditioning the quality of the image that reaches the retina. These aberrations depend on the geometry of both anterior and posterior corneal refractive surfaces. We can analyze the optical behavior of the cornea by converting topography and elevation data into optical aberration data. It should be noted that more than 90% of the optical aberrations in a healthy eye come from the corneal plane, and are higher in irregular corneas...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 20/09/2018