Publication: Desarrollo sostenible en Cihuatlan, Jalisco México: el uso de los indicadores de presión-estado-respuesta (PER) como herramienta para la toma de decisiones por parte del gobierno local
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2018-10-09
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En la mayoría de países, el crecimiento urbano descontrolado y la falta de planificación han generado importantes desequilibrios territoriales. Por lo que a partir de la década de los noventa surge un nuevo paradigma en el intento de marcar un rumbo distinto o alternativo de explicación y superación de los problemas de gestión ambiental y de la organización social de los grupos humanos en una determinada región. En este sentido el principal objetivo que persigue la presente investigación es identificar los diversos desafíos que enfrentan las instituciones locales en términos de gestión sostenible de los recursos en regiones o municipios con litoral donde la presión sobre ellos resulta mayor debido al potencial turístico. Por lo cuál el papel que juegan los indicadores ambientales como herramientas en la provisión de información útil para la formulación, evaluación y seguimiento de las políticas de gestión ambiental cobra importancia. En el presente trabajo, en la introducción se mencionan los objetivos e hipótesis que rigen la investigación, siendo el primer capítulo dedicado a describir el estado del arte que guarda la historia de indicadores y de la legislación ambiental en México acerca de sus leyes y reglamentos y de los programas de gestión ambiental existentes. En el segundo capítulo se describe la metodología empleada y las fases llevadas a cabo para la obtención de información. Contiene también una aproximación sobre indicadores ambientales y analiza algunas bondades de estos en la planeación. También revisa los sistemas de indicadores más habituales desarrollados por organismos internacionales con amplia trayectoria a nivel mundial. En el tercer capítulo se presenta el marco teórico-conceptual donde se destaca la relevancia de los conceptos utilizados en la investigación. El cuarto apartado está dedicado a la presentación de hallazgos y principales resultados sobre los sectores productivos en la región: forestal, agropecuario y turístico; con énfasis en el municipio de Cihuatlán Jalisco México. En el capítulo cinco se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones enfatizando sobre la importancia de la aplicación de políticas públicas idóneas y su adecuada implementación para una gestión óptima de los recursos disponibles en términos económicos y de conservación de los recursos naturales, para la preservación de los ecosistemas con el único objetivo de lograr un desarrollo sostenible que genere, también, a su vez beneficios locales tangibles.
In most countries, urban sprawl and lack of planning have generated significant regional imbalances. For that reason, in the nineties the academic world started a new paradigm in the attempt to set different alternatives in the explanation and overcoming problems related with the environmental management and social organization in particular regions. Referring to that, the main objective of this research is to identify the various challenges that local institutions are faced in terms of sustainable management of the resources in regions or municipalities with shores; where the pressure on them are greater due to the tourism potential. Therefore the role of environmental indicators as a tools in providing useful information for the design, implementation, evaluation and monitoring environmental policies becomes important. In the introduction of this research the objectives and hypothesis that leads this work are describing following by the first chapter that describes the context of the region as well as the trajectory of indicators and environmental legislation in Mexico and the legal statutes and regulations about environmental and management programs implemented. In the second one, are describing the methodology and the stages that were carried out to obtain information. This chapter, contains an approach on environmental indicators and analyzes some of the advantage to use them in planning. This section also contains a review of the most common indicators system developed by international organizations and its worldwide spread. The third chapter provides a theoretical and conceptual framework where stands the significance of the concepts used in this research. The fourth one has been dedicated to present the main findings and results referring to the productive sectors in the region: forestry, agriculture and tourism. With especial emphasis on the municipality of Cihuatlan, Jalisco, Mexico. In chapter five, conclusions and recommendations are set out, in order to clarify and to reinforce the importance of implementing appropriate public policies to reach an optimal management of the available resources in economic terms and in terms of natural resources as well. With the main goal to preserve the ecosystems in order to achieve sustainable development with tangible benefits for all.
In most countries, urban sprawl and lack of planning have generated significant regional imbalances. For that reason, in the nineties the academic world started a new paradigm in the attempt to set different alternatives in the explanation and overcoming problems related with the environmental management and social organization in particular regions. Referring to that, the main objective of this research is to identify the various challenges that local institutions are faced in terms of sustainable management of the resources in regions or municipalities with shores; where the pressure on them are greater due to the tourism potential. Therefore the role of environmental indicators as a tools in providing useful information for the design, implementation, evaluation and monitoring environmental policies becomes important. In the introduction of this research the objectives and hypothesis that leads this work are describing following by the first chapter that describes the context of the region as well as the trajectory of indicators and environmental legislation in Mexico and the legal statutes and regulations about environmental and management programs implemented. In the second one, are describing the methodology and the stages that were carried out to obtain information. This chapter, contains an approach on environmental indicators and analyzes some of the advantage to use them in planning. This section also contains a review of the most common indicators system developed by international organizations and its worldwide spread. The third chapter provides a theoretical and conceptual framework where stands the significance of the concepts used in this research. The fourth one has been dedicated to present the main findings and results referring to the productive sectors in the region: forestry, agriculture and tourism. With especial emphasis on the municipality of Cihuatlan, Jalisco, Mexico. In chapter five, conclusions and recommendations are set out, in order to clarify and to reinforce the importance of implementing appropriate public policies to reach an optimal management of the available resources in economic terms and in terms of natural resources as well. With the main goal to preserve the ecosystems in order to achieve sustainable development with tangible benefits for all.
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 06/07/2017